arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 9, 2026 — 08:03:19 EST
Travel behavior research increasingly combines digital data collection with predictive modeling, yet these stages are often developed and evaluated separately. This study proposes a three-agent workflow integrating conversational data collection, structured data processing, and behavioral prediction. A chatbot-administered,...
Naturalistic computer-use traces, passively recorded screenshots and mouse or keyboard actions, are a valuable resource for deriving symbolic, auditable, and reusable models of how everyday work is done. Such models matter as computer-use agents enter real work, where agents need to learn how tasks are actually performed, and...
Recursive self-improvement (RSI) asks whether an AI system can improve the process that produces AI systems, so that the next system inherits the improvement. That process is the training algorithm: a better objective or update rule improves the compute\mbox{-}capability exchange rate for every subsequent run, including the one that...
The BrowseComp-Plus benchmark disentangled the evaluation of agentic search by replacing opaque web search with a fixed corpus, so that an agent's role can be separated from the retriever's. That corpus, however, holds only about 100K documents and was assembled from the supporting documents of the benchmark's own queries plus mined...
Heterogeneous AI systems composed of multiple models, architectures, harnesses, or inference-time settings can improve quality and efficiency by routing queries to the specialist who can answer most effectively at the lowest cost. Routing requires estimating each specialist's expected return, but this value estimation has a cost....
A single training example's contribution to a finished model is normally estimated rather than measured, because measuring it takes two expensive full pre-training runs that differ in one row of one batch. We ran that counterfactual 24 times at a small scale. We trained 32 GPT-2 models at 124M parameters from scratch on OpenWebText,...
We prove matching upper and lower bounds on the space complexity of simulating a large shared register using smaller shared registers. We focus on the case where both the simulated and base registers are single-writer, which means they can be accessed concurrently by multiple readers but only by a single writer. To strengthen our...
ChildSafeAds is a shared task on commercial content in YouTube videos likely to reach children and teenagers. It contains 3,360 videos from 939 channels. Each instance begins with a segment submitted to SponsorBlock, an open-source crowdsourced browser extension whose users mark sponsor segments so that others can skip them. We pair...
As generative AI reshapes professional and educational practice, institutions face a challenge: how to support diverse learners, from non-coders to advanced students, in building confidence and practice with AI-supported problem solving. Most institutional responses bifurcate into conceptual workshops for general audiences or...
Language-model agents can communicate through continuous hidden states that are invisible in public transcripts, creating opportunities for covert harmful coordination. We introduce Verifiable Latent Alignments (VLA), an activation-aware framework for monitoring and steering these private communication channels. For every monitored...
The rapid growth of large data-center (DC) loads is creating new challenges for power-system visibility, privacy, and cyber-physical security. System operators need accurate short-term information about these fast-varying loads, while DC operators may avoid sharing raw megawatt measurements because they can reveal sensitive workload...
We present a nodal discontinuous Galerkin method for solving the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) kinetic equation on multi-dimensional, unstructured grids. The method uses implicit, sweep-based solvers and a moment-preserving projection of the Maxwellian source to enable high-order accuracy in time while avoiding restrictive time steps...
Suppose two parties, Alice and Bob, hold long character strings, $X$ and $Y$, respectively, and they are interested in determining how similar $X$ and $Y$ are. {Moreover, they want to exchange the strings with cost proportional to their degree of dissimilarity.} Such problems arise, for example, in database and file system...
Designing a color palette for data requires designers to balance multiple constraints, including accessibility and aesthetics. Color palette tools support this process through features including direct manipulation, automated palette generation and evaluation, previews, and so on. Despite their prominence, relatively little is known...
Modern Intel AI PCs ship capable integrated GPUs and NPUs with 16+ GB of unified memory, and they spend considerable time idle. That is not enough memory to fit a large model such as a 70B-parameter LLM. We show that a handful of AIPCs, working together over an ordinary network, can serve models beyond the capability of any single...
Responses in the sensory thalamic nuclei are modulated by perceptual tasks. Whether such response modulations rely on feedback from cerebral cortex in humans is unknown. Here, we addressed this question in the context of visual speech recognition: the visual sensory thalamus, i.e. the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), has differential...
Bioassay activity prediction is often data-limited because drug-discovery datasets rely on time-consuming and expensive wet-lab experiments for data generation and evaluation. This challenge has inspired recent research into molecular foundation models (MFMs), which aim to encode general-purpose chemical knowledge into molecular...
The tensile properties of single collagen fibrils, the building block of load-bearing tissues, have been studied extensively by nanomechanical techniques and molecular dynamics simulation. However, the deformation pathway of collagen molecules within fibrils has not yet been observed experimentally. In addition, the role played by...
Simultaneously engineering multiple protein properties remains a major challenge. Existing machine learning-based pipelines for protein engineering often model properties separately, failing to capture their dependencies and trade-offs. Here, we systematically evaluate how Bayesian parameterization on Multitask Neural Networks can...
Spatial aliasing occurs when two or more distinct locations produce highly similar place-cell representations, primarily due to environmental symmetry or repetitive structures. This issue is most pronounced when place representations are constructed solely from boundary vector cell (BVC) inputs, because symmetric or repetitive...
A fundamental problem in the algebraic study of biochemical reaction networks is to characterize degeneracy. Two-dimensional zero-one networks, where each reactant appears with stoichiometric coefficient zero or one, constitute the smallest biologically relevant class capable of exhibiting degeneracy. In this paper, we provide a...
\textbf{Background and Objective}: Reliable atrial fibrillation (AF) detection from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals remains challenging in real-world clinical settings due to variable lead configurations, cross-dataset domain shifts, and pervasive physiological and technical artifacts. So we develop a robust and generalizable deep...
Emergent systems - systems containing multi-scale interactions - often arise through iteration rather than explicit forward design. As such, design principles for building emergent systems have been under-explored. Current artificial intelligence architectures, while useful for generation, do not provide a logic for how to construct...
Genomic analysis on viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 variants: Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron is heavily dominated by classical bioinformatics methods, including Sequence Alignment, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Mutation Frequency Statistics. These approaches use pairwise codon or nucleotide distance matrices to analyze gene sequences,...
I study why some groups---polities and organizations alike---sustain independent judgment while others fall into conformity traps. Social approval can suppress not only the expression of independent judgment but also the upstream practice that keeps such judgment available: maintaining judgment generates visible questioning, and...