arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 11, 2026 — 10:30:52 EST
Self-play in simulation produces robust driving policies at scale. Demonstrations of such behavior have been made using privileged vectorized observations such as exact poses and velocities, even for occluded agents. This assumes that perception is solved and introduces a representation gap with the partial observation of a deployed...
Generation in video diffusion or flow models is computationally expensive due to the slow and iterative sampling process. Current state-of-the-art (SOTA) acceleration methods heavily rely on variational score distillation (VSD) and adversarial losses to distill diffusion models into few-step generators. Albeit achieving high-quality...
Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) aims to improve generalization by encouraging insensitivity to small, worst-case parameter perturbations. However, the notion of a "small" perturbation is inherently geometry-dependent: while existing SAM variants have explored a wide range of choices, a clear perspective on which geometries are most...
Pretraining data processing is critical to the downstream performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, many existing approaches define a fixed processing strategy at the corpus or domain level and apply it uniformly to many examples, without adapting to the needs of each example. We propose DataOrchestra, a framework that...
Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) are central to conceptual database design, yet they are typically available only as rendered images rather than machine-readable schemas, limiting AI-assisted database engineering. We introduce ERUnderstand, the first large-scale benchmark for structured understanding of ER diagrams, comprising...
Few-shot segmentation (FSS) commonly assumes clean pixel-level support masks, yet practical support supervision often uses boxes, scribbles, coarse masks, or pseudo-masks. These weak annotations may include texture-similar distractors and background context alongside the target, contaminating class prototypes or visual prompts before...
Female pelvic diseases remain an under researched area characterized by often delayed diagnosis. While pelvic MRI offers superior soft-tissue contrast for diagnosis and image-guided procedures, real-time anomaly detection remains challenging due to physiological motion, tissue deformation, and instrument artifacts. Existing supervised...
Missing modalities in RGBT tracking often lead to incomplete and unstable multimodal feature representations that greatly degrade the performance. Existing methods typically attempt to recover missing modalities from available ones, but the quality of data generated in challenging scenarios might be unsatisfactory. In addition,...
In the artificial intelligence (AI) era, the rise of algorithmic feeds has fundamentally transformed information diffusion on social media. While early platforms organized visibility through explicit social networks, contemporary systems mediate exposure through intelligent recommender algorithms that personalize attention. This paper...
Inference systems increasingly combine a fast path that returns predictions within the application's latency deadline together with a higher-accuracy slow path that runs higher-compute methods on stronger, remote hardware, so its results can be returned on time and combined with the fast path predictions. Across several application...
Entity matching identifies records that refer to the same real-world entity. Language models can be adapted to this task through bi-encoder, cross-encoder, and generative matcher architectures. However, prior studies often conflate matcher architecture with differences in model backbone, model variant(reflecting different pretraining...
Variational quantum circuits have been central to many proposed near-term applications of quantum computing, but a growing body of evidence suggests that trainability and quantum advantage are fundamentally at odds: ansätze expressive enough to resist efficient classical simulation tend to exhibit barren plateaus, while structures...
Multi-modal classification leverages complementary information across diverse data sources to enhance predictive performance. However, real-world scenarios subject to operational constraints, such as sensor failures or privacy restrictions, lead to inconsistent modality availability between training and inference times. To handle...
Using stimulated emission, a photon pair source can be characterized by seeding the signal mode with a bright classical beam and measuring the stimulated idler field, thus replacing two-photon coincidence counting with classical intensity detection. We apply this approach to the continuous transverse spatial degrees of freedom of a...
The "butterfly effect", introduced over half a century ago by Edward Lorenz, has shifted from a cornerstone of dynamical systems to a popular metaphor, yet its true physical manifestation in fully developed turbulence spans a spectrum of phenomena from standard chaotic sensitivity to the recently established concept of Eulerian...
Trapped-ion quantum computers rely on shuttling compilers, which cast an input algorithm into a sequence of ion-qubit movements within a given architecture. We present the first study in which a single frontier large language model (LLM), Claude Opus 4.7, generates and iteratively refines the full Python code of shuttling compilers...
Supergranulation is one of the dominant scales of near-surface solar convection and provides an important diagnostic for studying the interaction between convective flows, rotation, and magnetic activity. We develop an automated framework to identify and characterize supergranular structures using subsurface horizontal-velocity maps...
Quantum resource testing is a fundamental primitive of quantum information processing, profoundly connected to resource manipulation. Its goal is to discriminate $n$ copies of a given resourceful state $ρ$ from all free (i.e., resourceless) states; key instances for applications are entanglement testing and quantum magic testing. The...
We previously constructed closed embeddings of Kac-Moody affine Grassmannian slices using fundamental monopole operators. These spaces are defined via the Braverman-Finkelberg-Nakajima construction of Coulomb branches for quiver gauge theories, and the embeddings do not quantize in general. However, there is variant of the BFN...
We present an analytical parametrization of the non-perturbative transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton distribution function of unpolarized quarks, extracted from Drell-Yan data using a combination of neural-network fitting and symbolic regression. A factorized neural network is trained directly against experimental cross-section...
Spread your thumb and index finger in the air, and a virtual lamp in the room changes color. Computer simulations have a long and well-documented record of supporting physics learning. They can support the understanding of abstract physical concepts by making them interactive and by inviting students to play with parameters and...
A derangetropy operator reweighs a probability density by a fixed profile of its own cumulative distribution function, acting through ranks alone. We prove that these operators are precisely the transformations of absolutely continuous laws equivariant under monotone changes of variable, and that they compose through interval maps,...
Any algorithm execution on quantum computers requires several repeated and costly executions (known as shots) to obtain reliable results. In this work, we propose a closed-form accurate analytical expression to determine optimal number of shots required for reliable execution of any algorithm on a quantum computer. We also present a...
We establish a connection between Hardy's paradox and nonlocality sharing in sequential bipartite scenarios, where each subsystem is measured in turn by a chain of observers. We show that any correlations exhibiting a Hardy paradox in the two-input two-output scenario enable sequential violations of the CHSH inequality between...
We propose a geometric cosmological probe: the nodal line of the anisotropic galaxy correlation function --- the locus in the plane where the function changes sign. Because the nodal line depends only on this sign, it is invariant under any amplitude rescaling, and its information is mostly independent of and complementary to BAO. In...