arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 11, 2026 — 17:31:05 EST
I study the role of \emph{horizontal complexity} -- defined as the variation in actions that similar tasks require -- in organization design. A continuum of workers each choose an action to adapt to a local state that follows a Gaussian process across locations. Headquarters can group workers into \emph{teams}, simplifying the...
We propose a unified Kernel Minimum Distance (KMD) framework for estimating and testing models defined by conditional moment restrictions. By embedding conditional moments into a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS), we construct a closed-form $V$-statistic objective function that quantifies the distance from the restrictions. We...
Same fairness rule, different posterior, no trade. We study personalized pricing when seller and buyer principals delegate to agents that receive different value signals and execute machine-enforced mandates. Equal nominal surplus rules can be incompatible because each is applied to its agent's posterior. In one common environment, we...
Frontier large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into scientific workflows, yet their growing biological capabilities may outpace current safeguards. To assess the biological risks of frontier models, we develop Intern-BioBreaker, a specialized bio-red-teaming model, together with an integrated...
Reconstructing the energy profile of DNA-binding proteins along the genome requires an algorithm that quantifies efficiently the binding free energy. We assembled a dataset of protein structures and DNA binding sites, together with their binding energies, and used it to train a machine-learning algorithm that learns a latent invariant...
Feedback plays a significant role in biochemical networks that govern a multitude of cellular functions, including development, adaptation, and homeostasis. Yet, how feedback topology controls stochastic fluctuations remains incompletely understood. Here, we develop a theoretical framework for two-node feedback motifs composed of...
Polyploidy is defined as the existence of more than two complete sets of homologous chromosomes. Despite it being a widespread phenomenon across the tree of life, its role as either an evolutionary innovation or a dead end is still debated. Here, we investigate how under varying selective pressures the degree of ploidy interacts with...
Networked SEIR models describe epidemic spread within and between interacting subpopulations through contact-supported nonlinear transmission. Standard polynomial liftings based on complete ordered Kronecker tensors yield linear higher-dimensional representations, but their dimensions grow rapidly because they retain interactions...
Quantitative joint angles are rarely available in routine care because the tools are slow, costly, or confined to a laboratory. We show that clinical joint angles can be read directly from the per-segment rotation matrices a parametric body model already produces, with no inverse-kinematics or musculoskeletal-model fitting step. On...
Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) provide noninvasive measurements of brain activity with millisecond temporal resolution, enabling the investigation of functional and effective interactions within large-scale brain networks. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the methodological foundations...
Blood transcriptomic profiling enables prognostic modeling by capturing the host immune response at the molecular level. Yet, the within-cohort evaluation strategies employed by many transcriptomic models inadequately reflect deployment across independent hospitals. Outside deployment scenarios introduce a cohort shift that can...
Background: Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics requires a long chain of preprocessing decisions, each with several equally defensible options. Analysts typically commit to one pipeline and report the resulting feature shortlist. How strongly that shortlist depends on choices that were never varied stays invisible. Results: We adapt...
Single-cell and spatial foundation models promise transferable biological representations, yet their generality remains largely untested across modalities, biological domains and analytical tasks. We benchmarked six representative models, Nicheformer, CellPLM, scGPT-spatial, GenePT, scELMo and Novae, using a harmonised framework...
Part of the excitation energy transfer (EET) characteristics of the photosystem II (PSII) comes from the interconnection between pigments. To understand the correlation between the EET and the pigments' interaction structure, we construct a network from the EET rates, which are related to both the distance between the pigments...
Gene expression is a stochastic process that gives rise to large fluctuations in protein levels leading to phenotypic heterogeneity in clonal cell populations; post-transcriptional regulation plays a crucial role in controlling the level of phenotypic variability within a population, which is directly tied to cell-fate decisions. As...
Accurate kidney failure risk assessment is critical to timely intervention in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Existing equations (e.g. Kidney Failure Risk Equation; KFRE) rely on single laboratory measurements to estimate short- and long-term kidney failure risk, leaving longitudinal laboratory patterns unused. Here we introduce Clalit...
The public goods game serves as a significant paradigm for investigating the emergence and maintenance of cooperation in conflicting situations. In the traditional public goods game, the multiplication factor characterizing the synergy effect of common efforts is typically assumed to be constant. In real-world scenarios, however,...
A fundamental challenge in the science of consciousness is the lack of a universal, predictive framework for motivated behavior. While existing theories excel at describing specific mechanisms, from neural pathways to computational models, they do not provide a foundational principle that explains the consistent direction of conscious...
OBJECTIVES: Vision-language models are increasingly used to interpret medical and everyday images through consumer chat interfaces, yet their ability to read orientation - the single perceptual operation tested by the tumbling-E acuity optotype - is poorly characterized on the surfaces through which they are actually used. METHODS: We...
Many dynamical systems exhibit diverse modes of behavior. In biology, such modes can represent individual or cell fates. While the emergence of multimodality is commonly studied, transient bimodality is much less well understood. Under transient bimodality, a system moving from a well-defined initial to a final state transiently...
Neural activity is widely held to organize on low-dimensional structure embedded in a high-dimensional state space. Persistent homology reads such structure directly from the pattern of pairwise correlations, without assuming in advance which variables are relevant. We apply persistent homology to microelectrode-array (MEA) recordings...
We consider a supercritical two-type continuous-time linear birth-death process with mutation and selection, in which wild-type individuals give rise to mutant offspring with a larger net growth rate. In this setting, we investigate the ``driver'' site frequency spectrum (SFS), or the random measure that records mutant allelic...
Understanding how cooperation persists despite the advantage of selfish behavior remains a central challenge in evolutionary dynamics. Classical models of public goods dilemmas predict dominance of defectors, yet natural and social systems often sustain cooperation. We study an eco-evolutionary public goods game on complex networks...
Fair clustering aims to make cluster assignments independent of sensitive attributes, but this goal becomes challenging when multiple sensitive attributes jointly define many subgroups. In such settings, directly extending existing fair clustering algorithms is computationally expensive or numerically unstable, especially when the...
A simple alternative to the binomial distribution that places more probability weight on the tails is considered. Its derivation only requires the weighted arithmetic mean of two discrete probability mass functions, one being the binomial itself and the other being the bi-uniform introduced here. Some properties are derived, and an...