arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 12, 2026 — 06:29:20 EST
With the spread of generative AI in recent years, attacks known as Whaling have become a serious threat. Whaling is a form of social engineering that targets important high-authority individuals within organizations and uses sophisticated fraudulent emails. In the context of Japanese universities, faculty members frequently hold...
In clinical practice, medical segmentation datasets are often limited and heterogeneous, with variations in modalities, protocols, and anatomical targets across institutions. Existing deep learning models struggle to jointly learn from such diverse data, often sacrificing either generalization or domain-specific knowledge. To overcome...
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents capable of actions with real-world impacts beyond text generation. While persona-induced biases in text generation are well documented, their effects on agent task performance remain largely unexplored, even though such effects pose more direct operational...
A recent \(^{47}\text{K}(d,pγ)^{48}\text{K}\) transfer reaction measurement has identified new excited states in \(^{48}\text{K}\) and extracted the corresponding spectroscopic factors (SFs)[\href{https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.162504}{C. J. Paxman, \textit{et al.} PhysRevLett.134.162504 (2025)}], but...
Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve competitive performance across diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet pretraining is computationally demanding, making optimizer efficiency an important practical consideration. Muon accelerates LLM pretraining via orthogonal momentum updates that serve as a matrix analogue of the...
Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has shown that reasoning improves when intermediate thoughts are externalized into explicit workspaces, such as chain-of-thought traces or tool-augmented reasoning. Yet, visual language models (VLMs) lack an analogous mechanism for spatial reasoning, limiting their ability to generate...
Cloud environments face frequent DDoS threats due to centralized resources and broad attack surfaces. Modern cloud-native DDoS attacks further evolve rapidly and often blend multi-vector strategies, creating an operational dilemma: defenders need wire-speed monitoring while also requiring explainable, auditable attribution for...
Motivated by Applied Physics and Photonics studies of random resonators, we study in the stochastic part of this paper random acoustic operators in non-smooth bounded domains $G \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ and introduce m-dissipative impedance boundary conditions containing (eigenfunction) fractional Gaussian fields. The deterministic part...
A large number of heuristics have been proposed to optimize the reinforcement fine-tuning of LLMs. However, inconsistent claims are made from time to time, making this area elusive. Reflecting on this situation, two fundamental questions still lack a clear understanding: 1) what is the role of each optimizing choice? 2) which ones are...
Large language models (LLMs) have recently been applied to binary decompilation, yet they still treat code as plain text and ignore the graphs that govern program control flow. This limitation often yields syntactically fragile and logically inconsistent output, especially for optimized binaries. This paper presents \textsc{HELIOS}, a...
We study the optimal design of additive mechanisms for vector-valued queries under $ε$-differential privacy (DP). Given only the sensitivity of a query and a norm-monotone cost function measuring utility loss, we ask which noise distribution minimizes expected cost among all additive $ε$-DP mechanisms. Using convex rearrangement...
A two-decade-old puzzle in heavy-ion one-nucleon knockout reactions is the strong correlation between the reduction factor $R_s=σ_{\rm exp}/σ_{\rm th}$ and the Fermi surface asymmetry $ΔS$. Theoretical cross sections typically rely on spectroscopic factors (SFs) from shell model (SM) calculations, which neglect continuum coupling...
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) enables automated provisioning of large-scale cloud and on-premise environments, reducing the need for repetitive manual setup. However, this automation is a double-edged sword: a single misconfiguration in IaC scripts can propagate widely, leading to severe system downtime and security risks. Prior...
Video captioning models convert frames into visual tokens and generate descriptions with large language models (LLMs). Since encoding all frames is prohibitively expensive, uniform sampling is the default choice, but it enforces equal temporal coverage while ignoring the uneven events distribution. This motivates a Learnable Frame...
The requirement for expert annotations limits the effectiveness of deep learning for medical image analysis. Although 3D self-supervised methods like volume contrast learning (VoCo) are powerful and partially address the labeling scarcity issue, their high computational cost and memory consumption are barriers. We propose 2D-VoCo, an...
Timely classification of humanitarian information from social media is critical for effective disaster response. However, deploying large language models (LLMs) for this task faces challenges in resource-constrained emergency settings. This paper develops a lightweight, cost-effective framework for disaster tweet classification using...
In this paper we construct nontrivial weak solutions to a class of stationary active scalar equations with a non-odd nonlocal operator in the drift term using a convex integration scheme. We show our solutions lie in $$ \bigcap_{0 < ε< 1} \dot{B}^{-ε}_{\infty,\infty}(\mathbb{T}^d) \cap L^{2-ε}(\mathbb{T}^d) $$ for $d \geq 2$. The key...
We study a generalized defocusing Hartree equation with nonlocal exchange potential and repulsive Hartree--Fock interaction. Using an inverse optimal problem (IOP) approach, we prove the existence and uniqueness of ground state solutions. Additionally, we establish the existence of principal solutions, their continuous dependence on...
Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) provide human-centric interpretability by identifying the minimal, actionable changes required to alter a machine learning model's prediction. Therefore, CFs can be used as (i) interventions for abnormality prevention and (ii) augmented data for training robust models. We conduct a comprehensive...
Most personal wellbeing apps present summative dashboards of health and physical activity metrics, yet many users struggle to translate this information into meaningful understanding. These apps commonly support engagement through goals, reminders, and structured targets, which can reinforce comparison, judgment, and performance...
As radio emission from normal galaxies is a dust-free tracer of star formation, tracing the star formation history of the Universe is a key goal of the SKA and ngVLA. In order to investigate how well radio luminosity traces star formation rate (SFR) in the early Universe, we have examined the radio properties of a JWST Paschen-alpha...
Human interaction is essential for issuing personalized instructions and assisting robots when failure is likely. However, robots remain largely black boxes, offering users little insight into their evolving capabilities and limitations. To address this gap, we present explainable object-oriented HRI (X-OOHRI), an augmented reality...
We study discrete random fields $\{X_t: t\in \mathbb{Z}^d\}$ parameterized on the $d$-dimensional integer lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$. For a fixed threshold $u$, the excursion set $\{t \in \mathbb{Z}^d : X_t > u\}$ decomposes into connected components or clusters, whose size, defined as the number of lattice points they contain, are...
The rash development of knowledge graph research has brought big driving force to its application in many areas, including the medicine and healthcare domain. However, we have found that the application of some major information processing techniques on knowledge graph still lags behind. This defect includes the failure to make...
Let $V$ be a set of vertices on a circumference in the plane. Let $E$ be a set of directed line segments linking two vertices of $V$. If $E$ forms a set of closed cycles and for all two adjacent edges $uv$ and $vw$, the vertices $u$, $v$, $w$ are arranged in anti-clockwise order, we call $P(V,E)$ a cyclic polygon. A star decomposition...