arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 21, 2026 — 03:17:48 EST
Reactions between atomic nuclei are measured in great detail in terrestrial laboratory experiments; transferring and extrapolating this knowledge to how the same reactions act within cosmic environments presents major challenges. Cross-disciplinary efforts are needed in view of the many nuclear reactions that govern the chemical...
Low-resolution remote sensing small object detection is limited by both missing visual details and the ambiguity of how details serve detection. Existing super-resolution-assisted detectors generally follow a restoration-first paradigm to explicitly enhance inputs before detection, which implicitly assumes visual fidelity benefits...
This paper introduces a notion of categorical approximability for metric spaces that can be viewed as a categorification of approximability for metric groups, as defined by Turing in 1938. Approximability as introduced here is a property of metric spaces that is more general than precompactness. It is shown that several classes of...
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) can directly consume exam documents, threatening conventional assessments and academic integrity. We present DoPE (Decoy-Oriented Perturbation Encapsulation), a document-layer defense framework that embeds semantic decoys into PDF/HTML assessments to exploit render-parse discrepancies in MLLM...
Eigenvalues of the Breit equation, in which only the static Coulomb potential is considered, have been found. Over the past decades several authors have analyzed the Breit equation to obtain numerically or by approximation an estimation of the energy levels. Various approaches have been used and no determination of the energy levels...
We study the Dirac spectrum in a sine-Gordon soliton background, where the induced position-dependent mass reduces the spectral problem to a Heun-type differential equation. Bound and scattering sectors are treated within a unified framework, with spectral data encoded in Wronskians matching local Heun solutions and exhibiting...
We show how to convert any unsatisfiable 3-CNF formula which is sparse and exponentially hard to refute in Resolution into a negative instance of the $k$-clique problem whose corresponding natural encoding as a CNF formula is $n^{Ω(k)}$-hard to refute in Resolution. This applies to any function $k = k(n)$ of the number $n$ of...
The problem of reconstructing a quantum channel from a sample of classical data is considered. When the total fidelity can be represented as a ratio of two quadratic forms (e.g., in the case of mapping a mixed state to a pure state, projective operators, unitary learning, and others), Semidefinite Programming (SDP) can be applied to...
The tidal disruption of planets by their host stars represents a growing area of interest in transient astronomy, offering insights into the final stages of planetary system evolution. We model the hydrodynamic evolution and predict the multi-wavelength observational signatures of planetary TDEs around a solar-mass host, focusing on...
Counting and tracking dense crowds in large-scale scenes is a highly practical yet challenging problem. Existing methods mostly rely on fixed-camera datasets with limited scene coverage, making them inadequate for crowd analysis in large-scale scenes. To bridge this gap, we introduce MovingDroneCrowd++, the largest video-level dataset...
Despite scaling to massive context windows, Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with multi-hop reasoning due to inherent position bias, which causes them to overlook information at certain positions. Whether these failures stem from an inability to locate evidence (recognition failure) or integrate it (synthesis failure) is unclear....
During the High Luminosity phase of LHC, up to 200 proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing will bring severe challenges for event reconstruction. To mitigate pileup effects, an extended upgrade program of the CMS experiment is expected. A new timing layer, the MIP Timing Detector (MTD), will be integrated between the tracker and...
In this paper we compute the multiplicities appearing in the ${\overline{\mathbb{F}}_\ell}$-modular theta correspondence in type II over a non-archimedean field $\mathrm{F}$, where $\ell$ is a prime not dividing the residue cardinality of $\mathrm{F}$. Unlike for representations with complex coefficients, highly non-trivial...
In the present work, we have generalized the projected shell model (PSM) approach to include the quasiparticle excitations from two major oscillator shells, and have also extended the basis space to five-quasiparticle configurations for odd-mass nuclei. The magnetic and antimagnetic rotational structures observed in odd-neutron Pd-...
For $χ_k$ a self$-$dual primitive Dirichlet character mod $k$ several reduced identities of Dirichlet $L-$functions $L_k(s):=L(s,χ_k)$, expressed as linear combinations of Hurwitz $ζ$ functions, are found for $s=2,3$ and some selected values of $k$. By using a merged approach between the Wilf$-$Zeilberger method and a Dougall$'$s...
Audio large language models (LLMs) enable unified speech understanding and generation, but adapting them to linguistically complex and dialect-rich settings such as Arabic-English remains challenging. We present a controlled study of multi-task instruction tuning for an Arabic-centric audio LLM across generative tasks, including...
Medical Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performances in various medical imaging domains such as histo\-pathology by leveraging pre-trained, contrastive models that exploit visual and textual information. However, histopathology images may exhibit severe domain shifts, such as staining, contamination, blurring, and...
The ALICE Collaboration is proposing a completely new apparatus, ALICE 3, for the LHC Run 5 and beyond. A key subsystem for charged particle identification will be a Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector consisting of an aerogel radiator and a photosensitive surface based on Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays in a...
Detecting what content communities value is a foundational challenge for social computing systems -- from feed curation and content ranking to moderation tools and personalized recommendation systems. Yet existing approaches remain fragmented across methodological paradigms, and it remains unclear which methods best capture...
We introduce an efficient first-principles framework for simulating angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) based on the direct computation of photoelectron states as solutions of the Kohn-Sham equation with scattering boundary conditions. While the one-step theory of photoemission has a long and successful history, existing...
Parton distribution function (PDF) at small $x$ in a fast-moving proton is investigated within an upgraded parton model that includes parton splitting with branching cascades and parton fusion. In the region of moderately small $x$, we obtain a power-law behavior of the parton density $x f(x)$ with an exponent proportional to the...
The diffusion of Generative AI (GenAI) constitutes a supply shock of a fundamentally different nature: while marginal production costs approach zero, content generation creates congestion externalities through information pollution. We develop a three-layer general equilibrium framework to study how this non-convex technology reshapes...
The combination of disorder and interactions is known in many systems to produce a feature in the single-particle density of states, the shape and parameter dependence of which act as signatures of the underlying electronic state. Strong Coulomb repulsion gives rise to a host of novel phenomena, among these is a unique zero-bias...
Shopping is a routine activity for sighted individuals, yet for people who are blind or have low vision (pBLV), locating and retrieving products in physical environments remains a challenge. This paper presents a multimodal wearable assistive system that integrates object detection with vision-language models to support independent...
Online blind source separation is essential for both speech communication and human-machine interaction. Among existing approaches, overdetermined independent vector analysis (OverIVA) delivers strong performance by exploiting the statistical independence of source signals and the orthogonality between source and noise subspaces....