arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 21, 2026 — 08:06:30 EST
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are mysterious radio transients with uncertain origins and environments. Recent studies suggest that some active FRBs may originate from compact objects in binary systems. In this work, we develop a unified theoretical framework to model the multi-wavelength afterglows of FRBs resided in binary systems and...
In high-stakes domains like medicine, it may be generally desirable for models to faithfully adhere to the context provided. But what happens if the context does not align with model priors or safety protocols? In this paper, we investigate how LLMs behave and reason when presented with counterfactual (or even adversarial) medical...
Multi-modal entity alignment aims to identify equivalent entities between two multi-modal Knowledge graphs by integrating multi-modal data, such as images and text, to enrich the semantic representations of entities. However, existing methods may overlook the structural contextual information within each modality, making them...
Hard-label black-box attacks, relying solely on top-1 predictions, represent one of the most challenging yet practically threat models. Despite recent progress, existing approaches face two key limitations: (1) they overlook the critical role of initialization, focusing primarily on optimization strategies; and (2) they rely heavily...
Blind and low-vision (BLV) individuals face high unemployment rates. The job search is becoming harder as more employers use AI-driven systems to screen resumes before a human ever sees them. Such AI systems could inadvertently further disadvantage BLV job seekers, introducing additional barriers to an already difficult process. We...
Clustering is a long-standing research problem and a fundamental tool in AI and data analysis. The traditional k-center problem, a fundamental theoretical challenge in clustering, has a best possible approximation ratio of 2, and any improvement to a ratio of 2 - ε would imply P = NP. In this work, we study the constrained k-center...
Let $(M,g)$ be a closed, smooth, Riemannian manifold of dimension $m \geq 1$. Let $η$ be a smooth $(0,1)$-tensor field on $M$. The divergence of $η$ is defined as $\text{div}_g(η):=g^{ij}(\nabla η)_{ij}$. Now let $Δ_g$ be a differential operator on $M$ that is given on functions by $Δ_g u = \text{div}_g \nabla u$. We will call $Δ_g$...
Escape trajectories from the Earth-Moon system play an important role in interplanetary transfer. This paper focuses on the escape trajectories from a 167 km circular Earth orbit in the Earth-Moon planar circular three-body problem and the Sun-Earth/Moon planar bicircular four-body problem and is denoted to providing a comprehensive...
Diffusion Transformers (DiT) have achieved milestones in synthesizing financial time-series data, such as stock prices and order flows. However, their performance in synthesizing treasury futures data is still underexplored. This work emphasizes the characteristics of treasury futures data, including its low volume, market...
Eliminating cryogenic operating requirements while preserving microsecond-scale quantum coherence and enabling CMOS scalability remains a central challenge for telecom quantum technologies. Addressing this, we introduce a CMOS-compatible quantum system comprising single-erbium-(Er)-ion qudits (five-level systems) operating across the...
To develop a deep-learning method for achieving fast high-resolution MR elastography from highly undersampled data without the need of high-quality training dataset. We first framed the deep neural network representation as a nonlinear extension of the linear subspace model, then used it to represent and reconstruct MRE image...
We study covering graphs of the Paley graph associated to a finite field of characteristic p in the case where the covering transformation group is cyclic of prime order distinct from p. When the field has q = p elements, we show that the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix determine the graph isomorphism class among translation...
There are 50 billion pieces of litter in the U.S. alone. Grass fields contribute to this problem because picnickers tend to leave trash on the field. We propose building a robot that can autonomously navigate, identify, and pick up trash in parks. To autonomously navigate the park, we used a Spanning Tree Coverage (STC) algorithm to...
Metasurface coupling constitutes a fundamental yet intricate electromagnetic interaction that occurs within a lattice of artificial subwavelength unit cells. Despite its prevalence, such coupling is typically ignored in conventional metasurface design frameworks due to the high characterization complexity, leading to suboptimal device...
This work bridges the fields of information retrieval and cultural analytics to support equitable access to historical knowledge. Using the British Library BL19 digital collection (more than 35,000 works from 1700-1899), we construct a benchmark for studying changes in language, terminology and retrieval in the 19th-century fiction...
In this work, we exhibit several subclasses of weakly dicomplemented lattices (WDLs) based on their skeletons and dual skeletons. We investigate normal filters (resp. ideals) and show that the set of normal filters (resp. ideals) forms a complete lattice, which is not a sublattice of the lattice of all filters (ideals). The normal...
Cross-lingual topic modeling seeks to uncover coherent and semantically aligned topics across languages - a task central to multilingual understanding. Yet most existing models learn topics in disjoint, language-specific spaces and rely on alignment mechanisms (e.g., bilingual dictionaries) that often fail to capture deep...
In this paper, we study contact structures supported by open book decompositions whose pages are four-punctured spheres. The paper is split into two parts. In the first part, we find infinitely many overtwisted, right-veering monodromies on the four-punctured sphere. This is done using the techniques developed by Ito-Kawamuro in the...
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) typically relies on high-NA excitation to generate a strong axial field at the tip apex, which shortens the working distance and constrains sample geometries. We show that a plasmonic bi-cavity tip, the plasmon-tunable tip pyramid (PTTP), co-tuned in nanopyramid length L and plateau length W,...
We conceive a novel channel estimation and data detection scheme for OTFS-modulated faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) transmission over doubly selective fading channels, aiming for enhancing the spectral efficiency and Doppler resilience. The delay-Doppler (DD) domain's input-output relationship of OTFS-FTN signaling is derived by employing a...
AI agents may soon become capable of autonomously completing valuable, long-horizon tasks in diverse domains. Current benchmarks either do not measure real-world tasks, or are not sufficiently difficult to meaningfully measure frontier models. To this end, we present Terminal-Bench 2.0: a carefully curated hard benchmark composed of...
In this work, we focus on the possible linear relation between short-range correlations (SRCs) and the EMC effect for partons in nuclei. First, we test a linear relationship pertaining to gluons in bound nuclei; it is manifested as a correlation between the slope of the reduced cross section ratio in deep inelastic scattering (DIS)...
We present a parallel algorithm for computing the minimum s-t cut in structured 3-dimensional proper order graphs arising from image segmentation problems. Proper order graphs are multi-column structures where vertices are arranged in parallel columns, with each vertex connected to consecutive vertices in adjacent columns. This graph...
Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved high accuracy on medical question-answer (QA) benchmarks, yet their capacity for flexible clinical reasoning has been debated. Here, we asked whether advances in reasoning LLMs improve their cognitive flexibility in clinical reasoning. We assessed reasoning models from the OpenAI, Grok,...
While knowledge distillation has seen widespread use in pre-training and instruction tuning, its application to aligning language models with human preferences remains underexplored, particularly in the more realistic cross-tokenizer setting. The incompatibility of tokenization schemes between teacher and student models has largely...