arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 22, 2026 — 08:04:37 EST
The near-Earth asteroid 2024 YR4 -- a $\sim$60 m rocky object that was once considered a potential Earth impactor -- has since been ruled out for Earth but retained a $\sim$4.3% probability of striking the Moon in 2032. Such an impact, with equivalent kinetic energy of $\sim$6.5 Mt TNT, is expected to produce a $\sim$1 km crater on...
We establish a majorization-based theory for bounding observables of waves with varied coherence. For any measurement, exact bounds are attained by the maximal and minimal elements in the set of input coherence spectra. The set's supremum and infimum, which may lie outside the set, provide optimal universal bounds: any alternative...
We extend well-known comparative results under expected utility to models of non-expected utility by providing novel conditions on local utility functions. We illustrate how our results parallel, and are distinct from, existing results for monotone comparative statics under expected utility, as well as risk preferences for...
Introduction Sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob disease sCJD is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease without effective treatment that usually results in death within one year. The recently applied methods have improved the accuracy of the disease diagnosis and the specific radiological findings provide the necessary information for...
We examine the pertinent geometric characteristics of entanglement that arise from stationary Hamiltonian evolutions transitioning from separable to maximally entangled two-qubit quantum states. From a geometric perspective, each evolution is characterized by means of geodesic efficiency, speed efficiency, and curvature coefficient....
In this paper, we propose improved wall-treatment strategies for meshfree methods applied to turbulent flows. The goal is to enhance wall-function handling in simulations of high-Reynolds-number turbulent flows and to understand the performance of turbulence models within these frameworks. While wall-function techniques are well...
Detecting persuasion in argumentative text is a challenging task with important implications for understanding human communication. This work investigates the role of persuasion strategies - such as Attack on reputation, Distraction, and Manipulative wording - in determining the persuasiveness of a text. We conduct experiments on...
The Landau--Zener (LZ) model describes a two-level quantum system that undergoes an avoided crossing. In the adiabatic limit, the transition probability vanishes. An auxiliary control field $H_\text{CD}$ can be reverse-engineered so that the full Hamiltonian $H_0 + H_\text{CD}$ reproduces adiabaticity for all parameter values. Our aim...
Urban crises - floods, pandemics, economic shocks, and conflicts - function as accelerators of urban change, exposing structural vulnerabilities while creating windows for reinvention. Building on a prior theoretical contribution that identified fifteen principles of urban antifragility, this paper tests and operationalizes the...
Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful operators for evolutionary search, yet the design of efficient search scaffolds remains ad hoc. While promising, current LLM-in-the-loop systems lack a systematic approach to managing the evolutionary process. We identify three distinct failure modes: Context Pollution, where...
Complete hyperkähler 4-manifolds of finite energy are grouped into ALE, ALF, ALG$^{(*)}$, ALH$^{(*)}$, each of these being further classified according to the Dynkin type of their noncompact end. A family of ALG-$D_4$ spaces are modeled by certain moduli spaces of strongly parabolic $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$-Higgs bundles on the...
It is known that the continuous-time variant of Grover's search algorithm is characterized by quantum search frameworks that are governed by stationary Hamiltonians, which result in search trajectories confined to the two-dimensional subspace of the complete Hilbert space formed by the source and target states. Specifically, the...
We show that there exists a completely bounded (c.b. in short) homomorphism $u$ from a $C^*$-algebra $C$ with the lifting property (in short LP) into a QWEP von Neumann algebra $N$ that is not strongly similar to a $*$-homomorphism, i.e. the similarities that ``orthogonalize" $u$ (which exist since $u$ is c.b.) cannot belong to the...
We give an overview of the construction of Borcherds algebras, particularly the Monstrous Lie algebras $\mathfrak m_g$ constructed by Carnahan, where $g$ is an element of the Monster finite simple group. When $g$ is the identity element, $\mathfrak m_g$ is the Monster Lie algebra of Borcherds. We discuss the appearance of the...
In this paper, we study the inverse spectral problem for the Sturm-Liouville operators on a star-shaped graph, which consists in the recovery of the potentials from specral data or several spectra. The uniform stability of these inverse problems on the whole graph is proved.
We study LTLf synthesis with multiple properties, where satisfying all properties may be impossible. Instead of enumerating subsets of properties, we compute in one fixed-point computation the relation between product-game states and the goal sets that are realizable from them, and we synthesize strategies achieving maximal realizable...
The entanglement distance of evolutionary quantum states of a two-spin system with the XXZ model has been studied. The analysis has been conducted both analytically and using quantum computing. An analytical dependence of the entanglement distance on the values of the model coupling constants and the parameters of the initial states...
Slang interpretation has been a challenging downstream task for Large Language Models (LLMs) as the expressions are inherently embedded in contextual, cultural, and linguistic frameworks. In the absence of domain-specific training data, it is difficult for LLMs to accurately interpret slang meaning based on lexical information. This...
Recent advancements in video models have shown tremendous progress, particularly in long video understanding. However, current benchmarks predominantly feature western-centric data and English as the dominant language, introducing significant biases in evaluation. To address this, we introduce MINERVA-Cultural, a challenging benchmark...
We study a one-shot joint source-channel coding setting where the source is encoded once and broadcast to $K$ decoders through independent channels. Success is predicated on at least one decoder recovering the source within a maximum distortion constraint. We find that in the one-shot regime, utilizing disjoint codebooks at each...
Interactive graph-based segmentation methods partition an image into foreground and background regions with the aid of user inputs. However, existing approaches often suffer from high computational costs, sensitivity to user interactions, and degraded performance when the foreground and background share similar color distributions. A...
Given an anisotropic integrand $F:\text{Gr}_k(\mathbb R^n)\to(0,\infty)$, we can generalize the classical isotropic area by looking at the functional $$\mathcal{F}(Σ^k):=\int_ΣF(T_xΣ)\,d\mathcal{H}^k.$$ While a monotonicity formula is not available for critical points, when $k=2$ and $n=3$ we show that the Michael-Simon inequality...
Power series in which the summand satisfies a linear recurrence relation with polynomial coefficients are shown to be the solution of a linear differential or algebraic equation. Solving the associated differential or algebraic equation yields a closed form for the series. This method is used to sum several series and to solve two...
The impact of disorder on collective phenomena depends crucially on whether it is quenched or annealed. In synchronization problems, quenched disorder in higher dimensional Kuramoto models is known to produce unconventional dimensional effects, including a striking odd even dichotomy: synchronization transitions are continuous in even...
Large language models (LLMs) can increase users' perceived trust by verbalizing confidence in their outputs. However, prior work has shown that LLMs are often overconfident, making their stated confidence unreliable since it does not consistently align with factual accuracy. To better understand the sources of this verbalized...