arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 22, 2026 — 11:34:37 EST
This paper presents a unified interpretation of $α$-mutual information ($α$-MI) in terms of generalized $g$-leakage. Specifically, we present a novel interpretation of $α$-MI within an extended framework for quantitative information flow based on adversarial generalized decision problems. This framework employs the Kolmogorov-Nagumo...
Let $[\, x\,]$ denote the integer part of a real number $x$. Assume that $λ_1,λ_2,λ_3$ are nonzero real numbers, not all of the same sign, that $λ_1/λ_2$ is irrational, and that $η$ is real. Let $\frac{219}{220}<γ<1$ and $θ>0$. We establish that, there exist infinitely many triples of primes $p_1,\, p_2,\, p_3$ satisfying the...
The SQL-based exploratory data analysis has garnered significant attention within the data analysis community. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has facilitated the paradigm shift from manual to automated data exploration. However, existing methods generally lack the ability for cross-domain analysis, and the exploration...
Interference of the ultralight dark matter (ULDM) field generates time-varying gravitational potential fluctuations, which stochastically heat stellar systems embedded in ULDM halos. Small-sized stellar systems are therefore often used to set stringent constraints on ULDM. However, the evolution of systems with sizes well below the...
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge into the generation process. Benefiting from the reasoning capabilities of LLMs, existing methods have leveraged such capabilities to enable iterative knowledge acquisition and accumulation, thereby better supporting answer...
Long-period companions are detected and characterized thanks to long-baseline radial velocity surveys. Combining Doppler time-series with astrometry, and in particular with proper motion anomalies technique, it is possible to put strong constraints on their orbital inclination and true mass. This work aims to present a model that...
This paper introduces ACS2HER, a novel integration of the Anticipatory Classifier System (ACS2) with the Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) mechanism. While ACS2 is highly effective at building cognitive maps through latent learning, its performance often stagnates in environments characterized by sparse rewards. We propose a specific...
We present a catalog of 4539 fast radio bursts (FRBs) observed with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) telescope between 25 July 2018 and 15 September 2023. These bursts originate from 3641 unique sources, including 981 bursts from 83 known repeating sources. For each FRB, the catalog provides a $O(10')$...
Large language models can be continually pre-trained or fine-tuned to improve performance in specific domains, languages, or skills, but this specialization often degrades other capabilities and may cause catastrophic forgetting. We investigate how abilities are distributed within LLM parameters by analyzing module activations under...
Holographic black holes exhibit a striking relation between thermal boundary one-point functions and bulk geodesic lengths. In the large conformal-dimension limit, the one-point function of a primary operator is given by the exponential of the geodesic length from its boundary insertion point to the horizon. We test the robustness of...
We study composite topological excitations in ferromagnetic superconductors consisting of bound states of magnetic spin textures (skyrmions) and superconducting vortices. Using a Ginzburg--Landau framework with Zeeman coupling between the magnetization and superconducting magnetic field, we demonstrate that skyrmion-vortex pairs...
In this paper, we provide an upper bound for the number of one-element commutation classes of a permutation, that is, the number of reduced words in which no commutation can be applied. Using this upper bound, we prove a conjecture that relates the number of reduced words with the number of commutation classes of a permutation.
Understanding research papers remains challenging for foundation models due to specialized scientific discourse and complex figures and tables, yet existing benchmarks offer limited fine-grained evaluation at scale. To address this gap, we introduce RPC-Bench, a large-scale question-answering benchmark built from review-rebuttal...
Graph Transformers (GTs) are increasingly applied to social network analysis, yet their deployment is often constrained by fairness concerns. This issue is particularly critical in incomplete social networks, where sensitive attributes are frequently missing due to privacy and ethical restrictions. Existing solutions commonly generate...
The transition from Cloud-Native to AI-Native architectures is fundamentally reshaping software engineering, replacing deterministic microservices with probabilistic agentic services. However, this shift renders traditional black-box evaluation paradigms insufficient: existing benchmarks measure raw model capabilities while remaining...
This paper is motivated by a recent paper of Yuki Fujii and Toyohiro Tsurumaru in which they established a beautiful formula for the spectral radius of the Bell-CHSH operator on finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. To tackle the operator on infinite-dimensional spaces, they elaborated a method based on appropriate approximation of...
We investigate Wold-type decompositions and unitary extension problems for multivariable isometric covariant representations associated with product systems of $C^*$-correspondences. First, we establish an operator-theoretic characterization for the existence of a Wold decomposition for the tuple $(σ, T_1, T_2, \ldots, T_n)$, where...
BiD codes, which are a new family of algebraic codes of length $3^m$, achieve the erasure channel capacity under bit-MAP decoding and offer asymptotically larger minimum distance than Reed-Muller (RM) codes. In this paper we propose fast maximum-likelihood (ML) and max-log-MAP decoders for first-order BiD codes. For second-order...
In this letter, we construct an explicit rephasing transformation that converts an arbitrary unitary matrix into the Kobayashi--Maskawa (KM) parameterization and identify all independent CP phases in the mixing matrix as the arguments of its matrix elements. Furthermore, by applying this rephasing transformation to the fermion...
The preparation of quantum states is one of the most fundamental tasks in quantum computing, and a key primitive in many quantum algorithms. Of particular interest to areas such as quantum simulation and linear-system solvers are sparse quantum states, which contain only a small number $s$ of non-zero computational basis states...
In the interstellar medium, cosmic rays (CRs) generate a field of ultraviolet (UV) photons via the excitation and subsequent radiative decay of $\rm H_2$ molecules. This UV field is a major agent of ionization and dissociation in the inner regions of molecular clouds that are shielded from the effects of the interstellar radiation...
We consider the parabolic $p$-Laplace equation with $p>2$ in a moving thin domain under a Neumann type boundary condition corresponding to the total mass conservation. When the moving thin domain shrinks to a given closed moving hypersurface as its thickness tends to zero, we rigorously derive a limit problem by showing the weak...
The recent surge in open-source Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) frameworks, such as LLaVA, provides a convenient kickoff for artificial intelligence developers and researchers. However, most of the MLLM frameworks take vision as the main input modality, and provide limited in-depth support for the modality of speech, audio,...
Cell-Free Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) have been active research topics in the wireless communication community in recent years. As an open-source software implementation of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5th Generation (5G) protocol stack, OpenAirInterface (OAI) has become...
We introduce a coupled Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes model that governs the two-phase dynamics of a system that consists of a fluid and a solid phase and prove its thermodynamic consistency. Moreover, we present an associated fully-discrete numerical method that relies on a continuous finite element approach and a semi-implicit...