arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 22, 2026 — 15:22:55 EST
Existing circuit discovery methods rely on templated tasks with clean counterfactuals, limiting their use on diverse natural text. We adapt Contextual Decomposition for Transformers (CD-T) for unstructured settings via label-balanced activation means and task-directional relevance scoring, enabling counterfactual-free circuit...
The clustering of nucleons is a fundamental phenomenon with broad implications for nuclear physics and astrophysics. In this work, we employ a microscopic in-medium few-body approach to systematically investigate the formation and dissolution of light clusters (deuteron, $\rm{^3H}$, $\rm{^3He}$, $α$-particle) embedded in nuclear...
Flag codes generalize constant dimension codes by considering sequences of nested subspaces with prescribed dimensions as codewords. A comprehensive construction, which unites cyclic orbit flag codes, yields two families of flag codes on $\mathbb{F}^n_q$ (where $n=sk+h$ with $s\geq 2$ and $0\leq h < k$): optimum distance flag codes of...
This paper presents a gripper capable of grasping and recognizing terrain shapes for mobile robots in extreme environments. Multi-limbed climbing robots with grippers are effective on rough terrains, such as cliffs and cave walls. However, such robots may fall over by misgrasping the surface or getting stuck owing to the loss of...
This paper considers a downlink Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-assisted Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS) system within a physically-consistent setting, accounting for the effect of mutual coupling between RIS elements arising due to sub-element spacing. The system features a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)...
Despite remarkable progress in large language models, Urdu-a language spoken by over 230 million people-remains critically underrepresented in modern NLP systems. Existing multilingual models demonstrate poor performance on Urdu-specific tasks, struggling with the language's complex morphology, right-to-left Nastaliq script, and rich...
The BESIII experiment at BEPCII provides a clean environment to test baryon-dark sector connections and baryon-number violation. Using $10^{10}$ $J/ψ$ events, searches were performed for $Σ^{+}\to p+\text{inv}$, $Ξ^{-}\toπ^{-}+\text{inv}$, and $\barΛ-Λ$ oscillations. No excess was observed, yielding $\mathcal{B}(Σ^{+}\to...
Vision-language models (VLMs), despite their extraordinary zero-shot capabilities, are vulnerable to distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA) emerges as a predominant strategy to adapt VLMs to unlabeled test data on the fly. However, existing TTA methods heavily rely on zero-shot predictions as pseudo-labels for self-training,...
AI science evaluation tools aim to assess research credibility. As with traditional metrics such as impact factors, their edicts can be decontextualised and repurposed in problematic ways. To address this, I propose Critically-Engaged Pragmatism as a scientific norm enjoining scientific communities to scrutinise the purposes and...
Capacitively coupled discharges operated in mixtures of $Ar$ and $O_2$ are extensively utilized in plasma etching and deposition processes due to the oxidative properties and precursor functionality of the reactive species produced in the discharge. In $Ar$/$O_2$ discharges, the surface quenching coefficient of $O_2(a^{1}Δg)$ is known...
We demonstrate a dissipative protocol for ground-state preparation of a quantum spin chain on a trapped-ion quantum computer. As a first step, we derive a Kraus representation of a dissipation channel for the protocol recently proposed by Ding et al. [Phys. Rev. Res. 6, 033147 (2024)] that still holds for arbitrary temporal...
Diffusion and flow policies are gaining prominence in online reinforcement learning (RL) due to their expressive power, yet training them efficiently remains a critical challenge. A fundamental difficulty that distinguishes online RL from standard generative modeling is the lack of direct samples from the target Boltzmann distribution...
Device-edge collaborative inference with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) faces fundamental trade-offs among accuracy, latency and energy consumption. Current scheduling exhibits two drawbacks: a granularity mismatch between coarse, task-level decisions and fine-grained, packet-level channel dynamics, and insufficient awareness of per-task...
The miscalibration of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) undermines their reliability in high-stakes domains, necessitating methods to accurately estimate the confidence of their long-form, multi-step outputs. To address this gap, we introduce the Reasoning Model Confidence estimation Benchmark (RMCB), a public resource of 347,496...
Audio-visual semantic segmentation (AVSS) represents an extension of the audio-visual segmentation (AVS) task, necessitating a semantic understanding of audio-visual scenes beyond merely identifying sound-emitting objects at the visual pixel level. Contrary to a previous methodology, by decomposing the AVSS task into two discrete...
Tensor network states are an indispensable tool for the simulation of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems. In recent years, tree tensor network states (TTNS) have been successfully used for two-dimensional systems and to benchmark quantum simulation approaches for condensed matter, nuclear, and particle physics. In...
Cross-layer reuse of early attention projections can improve optimization and data efficiency, but it creates a structural conflict: the first layer must simultaneously act as a stable, reusable anchor for all deeper layers and as an effective computational block. We demonstrate that this tension constrains the performance of...
We study the Brownian motion of a rigid rod threading through a small fixed ring while the ring can freely rotate. We derive the distribution function for the sliding displacement and the unit vector along the rod both at equilibrium and non-equilibrium. The equilibrium distribution is quadratic in the sliding displacement and is...
Current multi-agent LLM frameworks rely on explicit orchestration patterns borrowed from human organizational structures: planners delegate to executors, managers coordinate workers, and hierarchical control flow governs agent interactions. These approaches suffer from coordination overhead that scales poorly with agent count and task...
Computational resource constraints on edge devices make it difficult to develop a fully embedded AI companion system with a satisfactory user experience. AI companion and memory systems detailed in existing literature cannot be directly used in such an environment due to lack of compute resources and latency concerns. In this paper,...
Expert-annotated training data remains the critical bottleneck for AI in histopathology, particularly for rare pathologies where even dozens of cases may be unavailable. While data augmentation offers a solution, existing methods fail to generate sufficiently realistic lesion morphologies that preserve tissue-specific architectures....
The Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem establishes pointwise convergence for integrable observables, but for $f\notin L^1$, no normalization yields almost sure convergence. This paper investigates trimmed ergodic sums, where the largest observations are removed, for observables with polynomial tails $¶(f>t)\asymp t^{-1/α}$ in exponentially...
When a traffic crash occurs, following vehicles need to change lanes to bypass the obstruction. We define these maneuvers as post crash lane changes. In such scenarios, vehicles in the target lane may refuse to yield even after the lane change has already begun, increasing the complexity and crash risk of post crash LCs. However, the...
In this paper, we prove Bernstein type theorems for entire convex graphical hypersurfaces with zero Gaussian curvature in both Euclidean and Minkowski context. A supplementary example illustrates that zero Gaussian convex spacelike hypersurfaces are not necessary hyperplanes without additional conditions. We show that a zero Gaussian...
We give a short, self-contained analytic proof of the existence of self-similar Dirichlet forms on pillow-type carpets, a family of infinitely ramified fractals that includes the Sierpiński carpet.