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arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 23, 2026 — 03:50:25 EST

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Posted in astro-ph.EP · 2026-01-11 · C. M. Lisse, Y. P. Bach, S. A. Bryan, P. M. Korngut, B. P. Crill, A. J. Cukierman, O. Doré, A. Cooray, B. Fabinsky, A. L. Faisst, H. Hui, G. J. Melnick, C. H. Nguyen, Z. Rustamkulov, V. Tolls, M. W. Werner

SPHEREx Re-Observation of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS in December 2025: Detection of Increased Post-Perihelion Activity, Refractory Coma Dust, and New Coma Gas Species

In December-2025, the NASA SPHEREx spacecraft re-observed ISO 3I/ATLAS post-perihelion, finding a much more active object compared to August-2025 SPHEREx pre-perihelion observations, with marked evidence for development into an cometary body fully sublimating all its ices. The new imaging spectrophotometry was dominated by spatially...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06759v2PDF
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Posted in eess.SP · 2026-01-11 · Ayesh Abu Lehyeh, Anastassia Gharib, Tian Xia, Dryver Huston, Safwan Wshah

UBiGTLoc: A Unified BiLSTM-Graph Transformer Localization Framework for IoT Sensor Networks

Sensor nodes localization in wireless Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks is crucial for the effective operation of diverse applications, such as smart cities and smart agriculture. Existing sensor nodes localization approaches heavily rely on anchor nodes within wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Anchor nodes are sensor nodes...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.10743v1PDF
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Posted in cs.CL · 2026-01-11 · Zheyuan Liu, Dongwhi Kim, Yixin Wan, Xiangchi Yuan, Zhaoxuan Tan, Fengran Mo, Meng Jiang

MTMCS-Bench: Evaluating Contextual Safety of Multimodal Large Language Models in Multi-Turn Dialogues

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed as assistants that interact through text and images, making it crucial to evaluate contextual safety when risk depends on both the visual scene and the evolving dialogue. Existing contextual safety benchmarks are mostly single-turn and often miss how malicious intent...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06757v1PDF
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Posted in math.DG · 2026-01-11 · Tengfei Ma

New Calabi-Yau Metrics of Taub-NUT Type on C^{N+1}

We construct a class of complete non-flat Calabi-Yau metrics on C^{N+1} for every N >= 3, which generalize the Taub-NUT metrics from C^2 and C^3 and whose tangent cone at infinity is R^N. The construction relies on the generalized Gibbons-Hawking ansatz. A key obstacle is that the volume-form defect of the ansatz fails to decay near...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06756v1PDF
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Posted in math.OC · 2026-01-11 · Sai Krishna Kanth Hari, Russell Bent

Water Demand Maximization: Quick Recovery of Nonlinear Physics Solutions

Determining the maximum demand a water distribution network can satisfy is crucial for ensuring reliable supply and planning network expansion. This problem, typically formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP), is computationally challenging. A common strategy to address this challenge is to solve mixed-integer linear...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06755v1PDF
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Posted in cond-mat.soft · 2026-01-11 · Dixi Yang, Anheng Wang, Jia Huang, Xiaofeng Zhuo, Chunming Wang, Hajime Tanaka, Jiaxing Yuan

Wetting-coupled phase separation as an energetic mechanism for active bacterial adhesion

The rapid adhesion of motile bacteria from dilute suspensions poses a fundamental non-equilibrium problem: hydrodynamic interactions bias bacterial motion near surfaces without generating stable confinement, while electrostatic interactions are predominantly repulsive. Here, combining experiments on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06754v1PDF
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Posted in cs.CL · 2026-01-11 · Yiran Rex Ma

Towards Computational Chinese Paleography

Chinese paleography, the study of ancient Chinese writing, is undergoing a computational turn powered by artificial intelligence. This position paper charts the trajectory of this emerging field, arguing that it is evolving from automating isolated visual tasks to creating integrated digital ecosystems for scholarly research. We first...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06753v2PDF
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Posted in cs.HC · 2026-01-11 · Abdulhadi Shoufan, Ahmad-Azmi-Abdelhamid Esmaeil

AI Hallucination from Students' Perspective: A Thematic Analysis

As students increasingly rely on large language models, hallucinations pose a growing threat to learning. To mitigate this, AI literacy must expand beyond prompt engineering to address how students should detect and respond to LLM hallucinations. To support this, we need to understand how students experience hallucinations, how they...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2602.17671v1PDF
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Posted in quant-ph · 2026-01-11 · Joseph M. Lukens, John H. Dallyn, Hsuan-Hao Lu, Noah I. Wasserbeck, Austin J. Graf, Michael Gehl, Paul S. Davids, Nils T. Otterstrom

A paradigm for universal quantum information processing with integrated acousto-optic frequency beamsplitters

Frequency-bin encoding offers tremendous potential in quantum photonic information processing, in which a single waveguide can support hundreds of lightpaths in a naturally phase-stable fashion. This stability, however, comes at a cost: arbitrary unitary operations can be realized by cascaded electro-optic phase modulators and pulse...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06752v1PDF
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Posted in cond-mat.stat-mech · 2026-01-11 · Hazel Brookfield, Wei Zhou, Ian Weatherby

Transport Regimes in Random Walks in Random Environments

Random walks in random environments (RWRE) model transport in quenched disorder, incorporating spatial heterogeneity, trapping, random drift, and random geometry. This paper summarizes discrete and continuous time formulations, identifies principal transport regimes through quantitative observables (velocity, diffusivity, mean-square...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06751v4PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-11 · Qingyu Liu, Zhongjie Ba, Jianmin Guo, Qiu Wang, Zhibo Wang, Jie Shi, Kui Ren

R$^2$BD: A Reconstruction-Based Method for Generalizable and Efficient Detection of Fake Images

Recently, reconstruction-based methods have gained attention for AIGC image detection. These methods leverage pre-trained diffusion models to reconstruct inputs and measure residuals for distinguishing real from fake images. Their key advantage lies in reducing reliance on dataset-specific artifacts and improving generalization under...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.08867v1PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-11 · Shaonan Liu, Guo Yu, Xiaoling Luo, Shiyi Zheng, Wenting Chen, Jie Liu, Linlin Shen

Benchmarking Egocentric Clinical Intent Understanding Capability for Medical Multimodal Large Language Models

Medical Multimodal Large Language Models (Med-MLLMs) require egocentric clinical intent understanding for real-world deployment, yet existing benchmarks fail to evaluate this critical capability. To address these challenges, we introduce MedGaze-Bench, the first benchmark leveraging clinician gaze as a Cognitive Cursor to assess...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06750v1PDF
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Posted in math.CO · 2026-01-11 · Albi Kazazi

Reconfiguration of Hamiltonian Paths and Cycles in Rectangular Grid Graphs

\noindent An \textit{\(m \times n\) grid graph} is the induced subgraph of the square lattice whose vertex set consists of all integer grid points \(\{(i,j) : 0 \leq i < m,\ 0 \leq j < n\}\). Let $H$ and $K$ be Hamiltonian cycles in an $m \times n$ grid graph $G$. We study the problem of reconfiguring $H$ into $K$ using a sequence of...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06749v1PDF
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Posted in cs.RO · 2026-01-11 · Changyu Liu, Yiyang Liu, Taowen Wang, Qiao Zhuang, James Chenhao Liang, Wenhao Yang, Renjing Xu, Qifan Wang, Dongfang Liu, Cheng Han

On-the-Fly VLA Adaptation via Test-Time Reinforcement Learning

Vision-Language-Action models have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for general-purpose robot learning, enabling agents to map visual observations and natural-language instructions into executable robotic actions. Though popular, they are primarily trained via supervised fine-tuning or training-time reinforcement learning,...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06748v3PDF
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Posted in cs.AI · 2026-01-11 · Glenn Matlin, Akhil Theerthala, Anant Gupta, Anirudh JM, Rayan Castilla, Yi Mei Ng, Sudheer Chava

FinForge: Semi-Synthetic Financial Benchmark Generation

Evaluating Language Models (LMs) in specialized, high-stakes domains such as finance remains a significant challenge due to the scarcity of open, high-quality, and domain-specific datasets. Existing general-purpose benchmarks provide broad coverage but lack the depth and domain fidelity needed to assess LMs' capabilities for...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06747v2PDF
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Posted in physics.optics · 2026-01-11 · Yazhuang Miao, Wei Ding, Litong Wang, Xiaolong Zhao, Shengguang Liu, Xuexi Yi

Imaginary Gauge-steerable Edge Modes In Non-Hermitian Aubry-André-Harper Model

We identify steerable exponentially localized in-gap mode in a quasiperiodic non-Hermitian Aubry-André-Harper chain with a spatially fluctuating, zero-mean imaginary gauge field. Under open boundary conditions, the system is exactly related to the Hermitian AAH model by a nonunitary gauge transformation: the OBC spectrum and Lyapunov...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06746v2PDF
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Posted in stat.CO · 2026-01-11 · Xavier Mak, James P. Hobert

Extensions of the solidarity principle of the spectral gap for Gibbs samplers to their blocked and collapsed variants

Connections of a spectral nature are formed between Gibbs samplers and their blocked and collapsed variants. The solidarity principle of the spectral gap for full Gibbs samplers is generalized to different cycles and mixtures of Gibbs steps. This generalized solidarity principle is employed to establish that every cycle and mixture of...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06745v1PDF
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Posted in math.AG · 2026-01-11 · Bin Wang, Xueqing Wen, Yaoxiong Wen

Minimal reduction type in classical cases

We prove Yun's minimal reduction conjecture for all classical groups. More precisely, for any topologically nilpotent regular semisimple element $γ$, we show that the associated minimal reduction set $\mathrm{RT}_{\mathrm{min}}(γ)$ consists of a single nilpotent orbit. This result confirms and extends Yun's earlier work in types A and...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06744v1PDF
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Posted in gr-qc · 2026-01-11 · Luc Blanchet, Guillaume Faye, Emeric Seraille, David Trestini

Gravitational radiation reaction for compact binary systems at the fourth-and-a-half post-Newtonian order in harmonic coordinates

We derive the gravitational radiation-reaction (RR) force in the harmonic coordinate system at the fourth-and-a-half post-Newtonian (4.5PN) order in the case of compact binary systems. Dimensional regularization is used to treat the ultra-violet divergences which appear at that order. We prove that the RR acceleration implies the...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06743v3PDF
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Posted in cs.LG · 2026-01-11 · Anay Sinhal, Arpana Sinhal, Amit Sinhal

Federated Continual Learning for Privacy-Preserving Hospital Imaging Classification

Deep learning models for radiology interpretation increasingly rely on multi-institutional data, yet privacy regulations and distribution shift across hospitals limit central data pooling. Federated learning (FL) allows hospitals to collaboratively train models without sharing raw images, but current FL algorithms typically assume a...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06742v1PDF
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Posted in gr-qc · 2026-01-11 · Xiaofang Liu, Cuihong Wen, Jieci Wang

Quantum coherence of continuous variables in the black hole quantum atmosphere

Recently, the concept of quantum atmosphere has been introduced as a potential origin of Hawking quanta. This study investigates the properties of quantum fields by exploring the quantum coherence of a two-mode Gaussian state near a black hole, where Hawking quanta originate from the quantum atmosphere region. It is demonstrated that...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06741v1PDF
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Posted in eess.SY · 2026-01-11 · Kun-Chih, Chen, Chia-Hsin Chen, Lei-Qi Wang, Chun-Chieh Wang

Entropy-based Thermal Sensor Placement and Temperature Reconstruction based on Adaptive Compressive Sensing Theory

This paper addresses the challenges of thermal sensor allocation and full-chip temperature reconstruction in multi-core systems by leveraging an entropy-based sensor placement strategy and an adaptive compressive sensing approach. By selecting sensor locations that capture diverse thermal behaviors and dynamically adjusting the...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06740v1PDF
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Posted in math.AC · 2026-01-11 · Daniel Munoz George, Humberto Muñoz-George, Kevin Muñoz George

Probabilities of random monomial ideals associated to large graphs

Inspired by the Erdős Rényi model, we propose a new model for freesquare random monomial ideals generated by edges and covers of a graph. This permit us to investigate the conditions of normality for which we obtain asymptotic results. We also elaborate on asymptotic results for other invariants such as the Krull dimension (for which...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06739v1PDF
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Posted in cond-mat.mtrl-sci · 2026-01-11 · Gui Wang, Yuhang Li, Bin Li, Xianzhe Chen, Jianting Dong, Weizhao Chen, Xiaobing Chen, Naifu Zheng, Maosen Guo, Aomei Tong, Hua Bai, Hongrui Zhang, Yifan Gao, Kaiwen Shen, Jiangyuan Zhu, Jiahao Han, Yingfen Wei, Hao Jiang, Xumeng Zhang, Ming Wang, Kebiao Xu, Wu Shi, Pengfei Wang, Jia Zhang, Qihang Liu, Cheng Song, Qi Liu, Xincheng Xie, Ming Liu

Electric field switching of altermagnetic spin-splitting in multiferroic skyrmions

Magnetic skyrmions are localized magnetic structures that retain their shape and stability over time, thanks to their topological nature. Recent theoretical and experimental progress has laid the groundwork for understanding magnetic skyrmions characterized by negligible net magnetization and ultrafast dynamics. Notably, skyrmions...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.06738v1PDF