arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 23, 2026 — 08:23:29 EST
This paper mainly establishes the finite-horizon stochastic bounded real lemma, and then solves the $H_{\infty}$ control problem for discrete-time stochastic linear systems defined on the separable Hilbert spaces, thereby unifying the relevant theoretical results previously confined to the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$. To achieve...
Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning and self-correction abilities in high-resource languages like English, but their performance remains limited in low-resource languages such as Korean. In this study, we investigate whether reinforcement learning (RL) can enhance Korean reasoning abilities to a degree comparable...
First-order magnetostructural phase transitions underpin giant magnetocaloric effects, yet the microscopic role of lattice dynamics in these transitions remains controversial. Here we use first-principles spin-lattice dynamics simulations to investigate the coupled evolution of magnetization and phonon dispersions across the...
Forecasting accuracy is routinely optimised in financial prediction tasks even though investment and risk-management decisions are executed under transaction costs, market impact, capacity limits, and binding risk constraints. This paper treats forecasting as an econometric input to a constrained decision problem. A predictive...
Quantum effect enables enhanced estimation precision in metrology, with the Heisenberg limit (HL) representing the ultimate limit allowed by quantum mechanics. Although the HL is generally unattainable in the presence of noise, quantum error correction (QEC) can recover the HL in various scenarios. A notable example is estimating a...
Existing experiments and data sets can be leveraged to obtain additional sensitivities to Lorentz violation, beyond those originally sought, through a more precise consideration of the boost of the experiment through the background. In fact, access to the full coefficient space of the flat-spacetime single-fermion limit of the minimal...
Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful candidates for complex decision-making, leveraging vast encoded knowledge and remarkable zero-shot abilities. However, their adoption in high-stakes environments is hindered by their opacity; their outputs lack faithful explanations and cannot be effectively contested to correct errors,...
We establish a new $T1$ theorem for the compactness of bi-parameter Calderón-Zygmund singular integral operators. Namely, we show that if a bi-parameter CZO $T$ satisfies the product weak compactness property, the mixed weak compactness/CMO property, and $T1, T^t1,$ $T_t1, T_t^t1 \in...
Plastic deformation and fracture of FCC metals involve the formation of stable or unstable stacking faults (SFs) on (111) plane. Examples include dislocation cross-slip and dislocation nucleation at interfaces and near crack tips. The stress component normal to (111) plane can strongly affect the SF energy when the stress magnitude...
In this paper, we introduce LOTUS (Layer-Ordered Temporally-Unified Schedules), which is a framework that restructures QAOA from a high-dimensional, chaotic search into a low-dimensional dynamical system. By replacing independent layer-wise angles with a Hybrid Fourier-Autoregressive (HFA) mapping, LOTUS enforces global temporal...
The online Ramsey number $\tilde r(G,H)$ is defined via a Builder--Painter game on an empty graph with countably many vertices. In each round, Builder reveals an edge, which Painter immediately colors either red or blue. Builder wins once a red copy of $G$ or a blue copy of $H$ appears, and $\tilde r(G,H)$ is the minimum number of...
Recent advances in text-to-SQL systems have been driven by larger models and improved datasets, yet progress is still limited by the scarcity of high-quality training data. Manual data creation is expensive, and existing synthetic methods trade off reliability and scalability. Template-based approaches ensure correct SQL but require...
This study examines the impact of feedback on Electroencephalography (EEG) activity and performance during the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. In a within-subject design, eleven participants completed the test under Feedback and No-Feedback conditions. Using the principles of Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) and Ordered Network...
The increasing deployment of small Uncrewed Aerial Systems (sUAS) in diverse and often safety-critical environments demands rigorous validation of onboard decision logic under various conditions. In this paper, we present SaFUZZ, a state-aware fuzzing pipeline that validates core behavior associated with state transitions, automated...
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and generative image models have achieved remarkable performance across multimodal tasks, yet their robustness and fairness under input transformations remain insufficiently explored. This work investigates bias propagation and robustness degradation in state-of-the-art vision-language and generative...
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) uniquely combines the advantages of optical contrast with deep tissue penetration capability of acoustic waves, enabling imaging at depths of several centimeters. Conventional photoacoustic imaging methods have relied on pulsed lasers to induce the photoacoustic effect, coupled with arrays of pressure...
At its lowest frequencies, LIGO is limited by noise in its many degrees of freedom of suspended optics, which, in turn, introduce noise in the interferometer through their feedback control systems. Nonlinear interactions are a dominant source of low-frequency noise, mixing noise from multiple degrees of freedom. The lowest-order form...
Infrared small target detection (ISTD) remains a long-standing challenge due to weak signal contrast, limited spatial extent, and cluttered backgrounds. Despite performance improvements from convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs), current models lack a mechanism to trace how small targets trigger...
Large Language Models (LLMs) face a significant threat from multi-turn jailbreak attacks, where adversaries progressively steer conversations to elicit harmful outputs. However, the practical effectiveness of existing attacks is undermined by several critical limitations: they struggle to maintain a coherent progression over long...
This paper establishes a rigorous theoretical foundation for the function class implicitly learned by XGBoost, bridging the gap between its empirical success and our theoretical understanding. We introduce an infinite-dimensional function class $\mathcal{F}^{d, s}_{\infty-\text{ST}}$ that extends finite ensembles of bounded-depth...
Over the past decade, solar equatorial Rossby waves have been unambiguously identified and are considered potential diagnostics of solar interior dynamics. We investigate their inclined structure and temporal evolution in the solar interior across multiple depths using approximately 14.5 yr of ring-diagram (RD) and time-distance (TD)...
We study a quantitative Ramsey-type problem on 3-term arithmetic progressions: how should the set of integers $[n] = \{1, 2, \dots, n\}$ be colored using 3 colors in order to maximize the number of rainbow 3-term arithmetic progressions? By "rainbow", we mean progressions whose elements are each assigned a distinct color. We determine...
This brief note considers the problem of learning with dynamic-optimizing principal-agent setting, in which the agents are allowed to have global perspectives about the learning process, i.e., the ability to view things according to their relative importances or in their true relations based-on some aggregated information shared by...
Channel state information (CSI) acquisition and feedback overhead grows with the number of antennas, users, and reported subbands. This growth becomes a bottleneck for many antenna and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) systems as arrays and user densities scale. Practical CSI feedback and beam management rely on codebooks,...
We investigate the Assouad spectrum and dimension of graphs of functions lying in certain Banach spaces. We find the typical values in the sense of Baire category, proving that these values are often as large as possible, given the constraints of the particular function space. For example, we demonstrate that in the little $α$-Hölder...