arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 25, 2026 — 01:18:13 EST
Localization in mobile networks has been widely applied in many scenarios. However, an entity responsible for location estimation exposes both the target and anchors to potential location leakage at any time, creating serious security risks. Although existing studies have proposed privacy-preserving localization algorithms, they still...
Hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), i.e., the tendency to generate plausible but non-factual content, pose a significant challenge for their reliable deployment in high-stakes environments. However, existing hallucination detection methods generally operate under unrealistic assumptions, i.e., either requiring expensive...
One-shot federated learning (OSFL) reduces the communication cost and privacy risks of iterative federated learning by constructing a global model with a single round of communication. However, most existing methods struggle to achieve robust performance on real-world domains such as medical imaging, or are inefficient when handling...
Microscopic and dynamic control over quantum states is essential for bridging fundamental studies of material properties to device function. Realizing such control at combined high spatial resolution and ultrafast temporal precision remains a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate femtosecond laser-driven patterning of topological...
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is diffusing rapidly, yet its adoption is strikingly unequal. Using nationally representative UK survey data from 2023 to 2024, we show that women adopt GenAI substantially less often than men because they perceive its societal risks differently. We construct a composite index capturing...
Utilising the symmetry constraints of suitable topological defects, the possible RG flows of N=1 superconformal minimal models are studied. We first employ a coset description that only captures the bosonic subalgebra, and then generalise the discussion to the actual superconformal models.
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software development workflows, yet their behavior in structured, specification-driven processes remains poorly understood. This paper presents an empirical study design using CURRANTE, a Visual Studio Code extension that enables a human-in-the-loop workflow for...
Many biological networks grow by elongation of filaments that can branch and fuse -- typical examples include fungal mycelium or slime mold. These networks must simultaneously perform multiple tasks such as transport, exploration, and robustness under finite resources. Yet, how such multi-task architectures emerge from local growth...
The generation of synthetic data is receiving increasing attention from the scientific community, thanks to its ability to solve problems like data scarcity and privacy, and is starting to find applications in air transport. We here tackle the problem of generating synthetic, yet realistic, time series of delays at airports, starting...
Although machine unlearning is essential for removing private, harmful, or copyrighted content from LLMs, current benchmarks often fail to faithfully represent the true ``forgetting scope'' learned by the model. We formalize two distinct unlearning granularities, domain-level and instance-level, and propose \BiForget, an automated...
We establish graded versions of Bridgeman's dilogarithm identity for hyperbolic cone surfaces, including surfaces with only cusps and cone points, and provide applications to the study of orthogeodesics.
Deep learning has achieved significant advancements in medical image segmentation. Currently, obtaining accurate segmentation outcomes is critically reliant on large-scale datasets with high-quality annotations. However, noisy annotations are frequently encountered owing to the complex morphological structures of organs in medical...
Large language models have become extremely popular recently due to their ability to achieve strong performance on a variety of tasks, such as text generation and rewriting, but their size and computation cost make them difficult to access, deploy, and secure in many settings. This paper investigates whether small, decoder-only...
Post-training improves large language models (LLMs) but often worsens confidence calibration, leading to systematic overconfidence. Recent unsupervised post-hoc methods for post-trained LMs (PoLMs) mitigate this by aligning PoLM confidence to that of well-calibrated pre-trained counterparts. However, framing calibration as static...
Strategic planning is critical for multi-step reasoning, yet compact Large Language Models (LLMs) often lack the capacity to formulate global strategies, leading to error propagation in long-horizon tasks. Our analysis reveals that LLMs possess latent reasoning capabilities that can be unlocked when conditioned on explicit plans from...
TON\,0599 (z=0.7247) belongs to the few flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) detected in the very high energy (VHE, $E > 100$\,GeV) gamma-ray band. Its redshift makes it currently one of the farthest VHE gamma-ray sources. It was detected for the first time with the MAGIC telescopes on 2017 December 15, and observed until December 29....
The integration of large language models (LLMs) with external tools has significantly expanded the capabilities of AI agents. However, as the diversity of both LLMs and tools increases, selecting the optimal model-tool combination becomes a high-dimensional optimization challenge. Existing approaches often rely on a single model or...
We prove an equivalence between filtrations of primitive bialgebras and filtrations of factorizable perverse sheaves, generalizing the results obtained by Kapranov-Schechtman. Under this equivalence, we find that the word length filtration of quantum shuffle algebras as defined in Ellenberg-Tran-Westerland corresponds to the...
It may be important to precisely know heights of moored oceanographic instrumentation. For example, moorings can be closely spaced or accidentally be located on small rocks or in small gullies. Height variations O(1 m) will yield registration of different values when conditions such as small-scale density stratification vary strongly....
Monocular depth estimation has applications in many fields, such as autonomous navigation and extended reality, making it an essential computer vision task. However, current methods often produce smooth depth maps that lack the fine geometric detail needed for accurate scene understanding. We propose MDENeRF, an iterative framework...
This paper presents a comprehensive empirical study on the safety alignment capabilities. We evaluate what matters for safety alignment in LLMs and LRMs to provide essential insights for developing more secure and reliable AI systems. We systematically investigate and compare the influence of six critical intrinsic model...
Small-scale wind turbine research in resource-constrained academic settings frequently produces unreliable or unpublishable datasets due to ad-hoc instrumentation, inadequate time synchronization, storage failures, and weak data governance. This paper presents a systematic data acquisition (DAQ) methodology and ESP32-based reference...
In this note we consider $2$-dimensional lattice random walks killed at leaving a wedge with opening $α\in(0,π]$. Assuming that the walk cannot jump over the boundary of the wedge we prove that there exists a harmonic polynomial if and only if $α=π/m$ with some integer $m$. Our proof is constructive and allows one to give exact...
Binary black holes (BBHs) exhibiting spin-induced orbital precession offer unique insight into compact-binary formation channels, cosmology, and tests of general relativity. We conduct a dedicated search for precessing BBHs with unequal masses in Advanced LIGO's third observing run (O3) using the harmonic decomposition method of...
In this paper, we investigate the Fučík spectrum $Σ_L$ associated with the logarithmic Laplacian. This spectrum is defined as the set of all pairs $(α,β) \in \mathbb{R}^2$ for which the problem \[ L_Δu = αu^+-βu^- ~\text{in} ~ Ω\quad \text{and} \quad u=0 ~\text{in} ~\mathbb{R}^N\setminus Ω\] admits a nontrivial solution $u$. Here,...