arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 25, 2026 — 08:13:10 EST
Class imbalance significantly degrades classification performance, yet its effects are rarely analyzed from a unified theoretical perspective. We propose a principled framework based on three fundamental scales: the imbalance coefficient $η$, the sample--dimension ratio $κ$, and the intrinsic separability $Δ$. Starting from the...
This manuscript presents a novel and reliable third-order iterative procedure for computing the zeros of solutions to second-order ordinary differential equations. By approximating the solution of the related Riccati differential equation using the trapezoidal rule, this study has derived the proposed third-order method. This work...
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a highly metabolically heterogeneous disease that cannot be adequately characterized by conventional biomarkers such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). This study proposes an explainable deep learning framework that integrates continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data with laboratory profiles to learn multimodal...
I review recent progress in calculating scattering amplitudes and resonance properties involving three particles using results from lattice QCD. The necessary input is the finite-volume spectrum, and the outputs -- via solutions of integral equations -- are scattering amplitudes that can be continued into the complex plane to search...
Digitized, networked healthcare promises earlier detection, precision therapeutics, and continuous care; yet, it also expands the surface for privacy loss and compliance risk. We argue for a shift from siloed, application-specific protections to privacy-by-design at scale, centered on decision-theoretic differential privacy (DP)...
Using the model theory for Toeplitz operators with smooth symbols developed by the fourth author in the 80's, we study whether such operators $T_{F}$ can be embedded into a $C_{0}$-semigroup of operators on the Hardy space $H^p$ of the open unit disk, $1<p<\infty$. We show that it is the case as soon as $0$ belongs to the unbounded...
We propose a mechanism for the generation of gravitationally bound dark photon halos during the matter-dominated era. Coupled to an ultralight axion field through a parity-violating Chern-Simons term, dark photons can be produced by the tachyonic instability of axion coherent oscillation. The dark photons with a net helicity lead to a...
In cosmology, long-wavelength modes are related to large-gauge transformations (LGT), i.e. changes of coordinates that modify the physical geometry of the cosmological patch. These LGTs stand as bona-fide symmetries of cosmological perturbation theory with various applications, from consistency relations constraining cosmological...
The goal of this note is to provide a constructive version of the proof of local structure of etale algebras.
We present the first complete next-to-leading-order calculation of the impact factors for hadroproduction of the ${}^1S_0^{[1]}$, ${}^1S_0^{[8]}$, and ${}^3S_1^{[8]}$ NRQCD states within the BFKL formalism. We complete the recent virtual-correction computation presented in JHEP 12 (2024) 129 by that of the real-emission contributions....
Motivated by a number of X-ray observations of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that exhibit a potential signature of ultra-fast inflows (UFIs), we consider in this work a scenario that UFIs can be physically identified as weakly-magnetized hydrodynamic accretion flows that is guided and channeled by poloidal magnetic field into...
The stellar spin-orbit angles of Neptune-sized planets present a primordial yet puzzling view of the planetary formation epoch. The striking dichotomy of aligned and perpendicular orbital configurations are suggestive of obliquity excitation through secular resonance -- a process where the precession of a hot Neptune becomes locked...
Over the past decade, several schemes for imaging and sensing based on nonlinear interferometers have been proposed and demonstrated experimentally. These interferometers exhibit two main advantages. First, they enable probing a sample at a chosen wavelength while detecting light at a different wavelength with high efficiency (bicolor...
This paper proposes distributed estimation procedures for three scalar-on-function regression models: the functional linear model (FLM), the functional non-parametric model (FNPM), and the functional partial linear model (FPLM). The framework addresses two key challenges in functional data analysis, namely the high computational cost...
As world models gain momentum in Embodied AI, an increasing number of works explore using video foundation models as predictive world models for downstream embodied tasks like 3D prediction or interactive generation. However, before exploring these downstream tasks, video foundation models still have two critical questions unanswered:...
A single stage active AC/DC interface able to emulate the optimal load impedance of a Resonant Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester (RPVEH) is proposed. As theoretically shown, unlike an electronic interface that emulates an optimal load generator, an interface that emulates an optimal load impedance does not require adaptation to...
We present LLMberjack, a platform for creating multi-party conversations starting from existing debates, originally structured as reply trees. The system offers an interactive interface that visualizes discussion trees and enables users to construct coherent linearized dialogue sequences while preserving participant identity and...
Online hate spreads rapidly, yet little is known about whether preventive and scalable strategies can curb it. We conducted the largest randomized controlled trial of hate speech prevention to date: a 20-week messaging campaign on X in Nigeria targeting ethnic hate. 73,136 users who had previously engaged with hate speech were...
We present new and archival Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of two strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) selected from the South Pole Telescope survey, SPT0418-47 $(z = 4.225)$ and SPT2147-50 $(z = 3.760)$. We study the [C II], CO(7-6), [C I](2-1), and, in SPT0418-47, $p$-H$_2$O emission,...
Lower-dimensional subspaces that impact estimates of uncertainty are often described by Linear combinations of input variables, leading to active variables. This paper extends the derivative-based active subspace methods and derivative-based Shapley effects to cope with functions with non-independent variables, and it introduces...
Large Language Models (LLMs) encode vast amounts of parametric knowledge during pre-training. As world knowledge evolves, effective deployment increasingly depends on their ability to faithfully follow externally retrieved context. When such evidence conflicts with the model's internal knowledge, LLMs often default to memorized facts,...
We define a notion of morphism for generalized affine buildings, also known as affine $Λ$-buildings, extending existing definitions and giving rise to a category of generalized affine buildings. For affine $Λ$-buildings equipped with a transitive group action, we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of morphisms between...
High-density and high-Z crystals are key elements of most space-borne $γ$-ray telescopes operating at gigaelectronvolt energies (such as Fermi-LAT). The lattice structure is usually neglected in the development of a crystalline detector, although its effects on the energy deposit development should be taken into account, since the...
Retrieving information through disordered scattering systems remains a major challenge in wireless communication and sensing due to the severe distortion and attenuation caused by multiple scattering. Here, we demonstrate robust focusing through random media using a leaky cavity made programmable by reconfigurable metasurfaces. We...
Satellites continuously generate massive volumes of data, particularly for Earth observation, including satellite image time series (SITS). However, most deep learning models are designed to process either entire images or complete time series sequences to extract meaningful features for downstream tasks. In this study, we propose a...