arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 26, 2026 — 21:46:30 EST
This essay examines the evolving concept of legal personality through the lens of recent developments in artificial intelligence and the possible emergence of superintelligence. Legal systems have long been open to extending personhood to non-human entities, most prominently corporations, for instrumental or inherent reasons....
Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field in the solar atmosphere provides crucial information to understand the explosive phenomenon such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Since it is still hard that we determine the 3D magnetic field from direct observation, a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation is one of the best...
Visual abductive reasoning (VAR) is a challenging task that requires AI systems to infer the most likely explanation for incomplete visual observations. While recent MLLMs develop strong general-purpose multimodal reasoning capabilities, they fall short in abductive inference, as compared to human beings. To bridge this gap, we draw...
Radiation-tolerant semiconductors have traditionally been engineered by the principle of suppressing defect accumulation and amorphization, based on the assumption that radiation damage is inherently stochastic. Here we show that, in monoclinic $β$-\ce{Ga2O3}, a promising ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor, surface crystallographic...
We introduce Conformal Interquantile Regression (CIR), a conformal regression method that efficiently constructs near-minimal prediction intervals with guaranteed coverage. CIR leverages black-box machine learning models to estimate outcome distributions through interquantile ranges, transforming these estimates into compact...
In this paper, we determine the automorphism groups of generalized Kausz compactifications $\mathcal T_{s,p,n}$. By establishing the (semi-)positivity of the anticanonical bundles of $\mathcal T_{s,p,n}$, we also determine the automorphism groups of generalized spaces of complete collineations $\mathcal M_{s,p,n}$. The results in this...
The measurement problem remains unaddressed in modern physics, with an array of proposed solutions but as of yet no agreed resolution. In this paper, we examine measurement using the Q-based, objective-field model for quantum mechanics. Schrodinger considered a microscopic system prepared in a superposition of states which is then...
Assistive electric-powered wheelchairs (EPWs) have become essential mobility aids for people with disabilities such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), post-stroke hemiplegia, and dementia-related mobility impairment. This work presents a novel multi-modal EPW control system designed to prioritize patient needs while allowing...
Reporting test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) has received increasing attention due to the criticisms of poor transparency and replicability in neuroimaging research, as well as many other biomedical studies. Numerous studies have thus evaluated the reliability of their findings by comparing...
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated success in various applications of user recommendation and personalization across e-commerce and entertainment. On many entertainment platforms such as Netflix, users typically interact with a wide range of titles, each represented by an artwork. Since users have diverse preferences, an...
All-in-One Image Restoration (AiOIR) has advanced significantly, offering promising solutions for complex real-world degradations. However, most existing approaches rely heavily on degradation-specific representations, often resulting in oversmoothing and artifacts. To address this, we propose ClearAIR, a novel AiOIR framework...
Precise control in modern robotic applications is always an open issue due to unknown time-varying disturbances. Existing meta-learning-based approaches require a shared representation of environmental structures, which lack flexibility for realistic non-structural disturbances. Besides, representation error and the distribution...
Fast and accurate solutions of the Grad--Shafranov (GS) equation are essential for equilibrium analysis, integrated modeling, and surrogate model construction in magnetic confinement fusion. In this work, we address a fundamental question: what is the minimum number of free parameters required to accurately represent numerical...
SAST (Static Application Security Testing) tools are among the most widely used techniques in defensive cybersecurity, employed by commercial and non-commercial organizations to identify potential vulnerabilities in software. Despite their great utility, they generate numerous false positives, requiring costly manual filtering (aka...
We prove explicit rational stable splittings of equivariant complex projective spaces $\mathbb{C}P(V)$ and Grassmannians $Gr_n(V)$, for complex representations $V$. When $V$ is a sum of one-dimensional representations, both $\mathbb{C}P(V)$ and $Gr_n(V)$ are rationally a wedge of representation spheres. For general finite groups $G$...
We prove an analog of Rudolph's theorem for actions of countable amenable groups, which asserts that among invariant measures with entropy at least c on the $G$-shift $(Λ^G,σ)$, a typical measure has entropy $c$ and is Bernoulli. We also address a relative version of this theorem.
In computational physics and materials science, first-principles methods, particularly density functional theory, have become central tools for electronic structure prediction and materials design. Recently, rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have begun to reshape the research landscape, giving rise to the emerging field...
A reduced kinetic method (RKM) for describing nonlocal transport in magnetized plasmas is derived from first principles and considered in a 1D3V geometry. Unlike standard nonlocal closures, this RKM uses the Fokker-Planck collision operator, therefore local transport results are naturally reproduced for small Knudsen number. An...
The two-dimensional molecular conductor $κ$-(BETS)$_2$Mn[N(CN)$_2$]$_3$ has been studied because of the intriguing magnetic coupling of the molecular $π$-electrons to the Mn$^{2+}$ ions. Utilizing X-band electron spin resonance spectroscopy we have performed comprehensive investigations of the magnetic properties, in particular on the...
In this article, we prove that, on the diffusive time scale, condensing zero-range processes converge to a dimension-decaying diffusion process on the simplex \[ Σ= \{(x_1,\dots,x_S) : x_i \ge 0,\; \sum_{i\in S} x_i = 1\}, \] where $S$ is a finite set. This limiting diffusion has the distinctive feature of being absorbed at the...
We present X-CAL, a pipeline that combines a $β$-variational autoencoder ($β$-VAE) with the synergistic-unique-redundant decomposition (SURD)~\cite{surd} approach for causality analysis to interpret low-dimensional latent representations of turbulent fluid flows. Combining $β$-VAE compression with SURD and SHAP (SHapley Additive...
We describe a physics education activity for third-year Bachelor students, inspired by a humorous question about the Geneva water jet. The exercise engages students in key scientific practices: reformulating everyday questions in scientific terms, constructing simplified models, performing semi-quantitative estimations, and comparing...
Human evaluation is the gold standard for multilingual NLP, but is often skipped in practice and substituted with automatic metrics because it is notoriously complex and slow to set up with existing tools with substantial engineering and operational overhead. We introduce Pearmut, a lightweight yet feature-rich platform that makes...
We develop an operator-based framework to coarse-grain interacting particle systems that exhibit clustering dynamics. Starting from the particle-based transfer operator, we first construct a sequence of reduced representations: the operator is projected onto concentrations and then further reduced by representing the concentration...
Autoregressive LLMs perform well on relational tasks that require linking entities via relational words (e.g., father/son, friend), but it is unclear whether they learn the logical semantics of such relations (e.g., symmetry and inversion logic) and, if so, whether reversal-type failures arise from missing relational semantics or...