arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 28, 2026 — 20:16:59 EST
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) may face a confrontation question: under what conditions would a rationally self-interested AGI choose to seize power or eliminate human control (a confrontation) rather than remain cooperative? We formalize this in a Markov decision process with a stochastic human-initiated shutdown event....
Sampling-based inference has seen a surge of interest in recent years. Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) has emerged as a powerful algorithm that leverages concepts from Hamiltonian dynamics to efficiently explore complex target distributions. Variants of HMC are available in popular software packages, enabling off-the-shelf...
In urban areas, signal reception conditions are often poor due to reflections from buildings, resulting in inaccurate global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based positioning. Various 3D-mapping-aided (3DMA) GNSS techniques, including shadow matching, have been proposed to address this issue. However, conventional shadow matching...
In many choice settings the decision maker (DM) adopts a criterion which is a mediation between her preference, and its opposite. According to such compromise, the first i alternatives on top of the DM's taste are moved, in reverse order, to the bottom. This pattern allows to define the compromise-based degree of irrationality, which...
Jailbreak attacks present a significant challenge to the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet current automated evaluation methods largely rely on coarse classifications that focus mainly on harmfulness, leading to substantial overestimation of attack success. To address this problem, we propose FJAR, a fine-grained jailbreak...
System-level telemetry is fundamental to modern remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and AI-driven infrastructure optimisation. Existing telemetry encodings such as JSON, JSON Lines, CBOR, and Protocol Buffers were designed for high-bandwidth, always-online environments. They impose significant overhead when deployed in...
The amorphous structure of nanoporous carbon electrodes in supercapacitors complicates the establishment of clear links between electrode geometry and capacitance. In this work, we examine how specific structural features govern charge storage and explain capacitance variations among carbide-derived carbon (CDC) electrodes. Two key...
We propose a geometric interpretation of heavy-light mesons in which their infrared dressing is described through adiabatic Berry holonomies on the functional space of gauge configurations. Within this framework the Berry curvature associated with the infrared cloud carries a quantized functional flux, providing a simple and...
The vertebrate motor system employs dimensionality-reducing strategies to limit the complexity of movement coordination, for efficient motor control. But when environments are dense with hidden action-outcome contingencies, movement complexity can promote behavioral innovation. Humans, perhaps uniquely, may infer the presence of...
In this paper, we investigate Kolmogorov-Arnold network-based autoencoders (KAN-AEs) with symbolic regression (SR) for energy-efficient channel coding. By using SR, we convert KAN-AEs into symbolic expressions, which enables low-complexity implementation and improved energy efficiency at the radios. To further enhance the efficiency,...
Star-gas interactions can provide gravitational feedback that influences the dynamical evolution of stellar clusters, through processes such as dynamical friction (DF) and its non-dissipative counterpart, negative dynamical friction (NDF). Using the \texttt{PeTar} code, we perform direct $N$-body simulations of an open cluster...
We study the finite sampling map $H \mapsto \bigl(v_{H,Λ}(x_k + iη)\bigr)_{k=1}^M$ for trace-normed canonical systems on $[0,Λ]$ with free tail $H(s)=\frac{1}{2}I$ for $s \ge Λ$, where $v_{H,Λ}$ is the Schur transform of the Weyl coefficient. At the free Hamiltonian $H_0 \equiv \frac{1}{2}I$, we obtain an explicit first-order...
This paper introduces a novel technique to preserve spectral features in lossy compression based on a novel fast Fourier correction algorithm\added{ for regular-grid data}. Preserving both spatial and frequency representations of data is crucial for applications such as cosmology, turbulent combustion, and X-ray diffraction, where...
Motivated by the work of Esnault-Hai, one has the notion of de Rham $K(π,1)$ schemes, defined as follows. Given a smooth proper geometrically connected scheme $X$ over a field $k$ of characteristic 0 and a base point $x \in X (k)$, one can define its differential fundamental group $π^{\mathrm{diff}}(X/k)$, which comes from the...
We study variance reduction for score estimation and diffusion-based sampling in settings where the clean (target) score is available or can be approximated. Starting from the Target Score Identity (TSI), which expresses the noisy marginal score as a conditional expectation of the target score under the forward diffusion, we develop:...
Manual font design is an intricate process that transforms a stylistic visual concept into a coherent glyph set. This challenge persists in automated Few-shot Font Generation (FFG), where models often struggle to preserve both the structural integrity and stylistic fidelity from limited references. While autoregressive (AR) models...
We demonstrate SAGE-32B, a 32 billion parameter language model that focuses on agentic reasoning and long range planning tasks. Unlike chat models that aim for general conversation fluency, SAGE-32B is designed to operate in an agentic loop, emphasizing task decomposition, tool usage, and error recovery. The model is initialized from...
The rapid integration of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into critical applications is increasingly hindered by persistent safety vulnerabilities. However, existing red-teaming benchmarks are often fragmented, limited to single-turn text interactions, and lack the scalability required for systematic evaluation. To address...
In this paper we consider some optimal control problems governed by elliptic partial differential equations. The solution is the state variable, while the control variable is, depending on the case, the coefficient of the PDE, the potential, the right-hand side. The cost functional is of integral type and involves both the state and...
Unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) are the non-chaotic, dynamical building blocks of spatio-temporal chaos, motivating a first-principles based theory for turbulence ever since the discovery of deterministic chaos. Despite their key role in the ergodic theory approach to fluid turbulence, identifying UPOs is challenging for two reasons:...
Fast computational algorithms are in constant demand, and their development has been driven by advances such as quantum speedup and classical acceleration. This paper intends to study search algorithms based on quantum walks in quantum computation and sampling algorithms based on Langevin dynamics in classical computation. On the...
In recent years, cyberattacks - along with physical faults - have become an increasing factor causing system failures, especially in DER (Distributed Energy Resources) systems. In addition, according to the literature, a number of faults have been reported to remain undetected. Consequently, unlike anomaly detection works that only...
There are a wide range of first passage time (FPT) problems in the physical and life sciences that can be modelled in terms of a Brownian particle binding to a reactive surface (absorption). However, prior to absorption, the particle may undergo several rounds of surface attachment (adsorption), detachment (desorption) and diffusion....
The prototype of a Euclidean wormhole solution of Einstein gravity coupled to matter is the axion wormhole in four spacetime dimensions. In this primarily expository article, we spell out some details about this construction. The axion wormhole has a semiclassical description, found in the original paper [1], in which the matter...
We introduce NitroGen, a vision-action foundation model for generalist gaming agents that is trained on 40,000 hours of gameplay videos across more than 1,000 games. We incorporate three key ingredients: 1) an internet-scale video-action dataset constructed by automatically extracting player actions from publicly available gameplay...