arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 30, 2026 — 09:03:12 EST
Machine-learning potentials (MLIPs) have been a breakthrough for computational physics in bringing the accuracy of quantum mechanics to atomistic modeling. To achieve near-quantum accuracy, it is necessary that neighborhoods contained in the training set are rather close to the ones encountered during a simulation. Yet, constructing a...
Existing benchmarks for tool-using LLM agents primarily report single-run success rates and miss reliability properties required in production. We introduce \textbf{ReliabilityBench}, a benchmark for evaluating agent reliability across three dimensions: (i) consistency under repeated execution using $\mathrm{pass}^k$, (ii) robustness...
Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate plausible code, but in settings that require exact stdin/stdout behavior they frequently produce programs that compile yet fail tests, and in some cases they introduce security-sensitive patterns. This paper presents SecureCodeRL, a reinforcement learning (RL) pipeline for security-aware code...
Encrypted network traffic poses significant challenges for intrusion detection due to the lack of payload visibility, limited labeled datasets, and high class imbalance between benign and malicious activities. Traditional data augmentation methods struggle to preserve the complex temporal and statistical characteristics of real...
Predicting how populations respond to policy interventions is a fundamental challenge in computational social science and public policy. Traditional approaches rely on aggregate statistical models that capture historical correlations but lack mechanistic interpretability and struggle with novel policy scenarios. We present a general...
This paper investigates the uplink covert communication in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) satellite-terrestrial system consisting of an Earth station transmitter Alice, a geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) satellite receiver Bob, and multiple GEO satellite wardens around Bob, where each node in the system is equipped with an...
The paper presents new and known results on estimates of important linear and nonlinear approximation characteristics of generalized Wiener classes of functions of several variables in different metrics.
Conceal dense prediction (CDP), especially RGB-D camouflage object detection and open-vocabulary camouflage object segmentation, plays a crucial role in advancing the understanding and reasoning of complex camouflage scenes. However, high-quality and large-scale camouflage datasets with dense annotation remain scarce due to expensive...
We analyze the structure and dynamics in the low-density phase of the deterministic two-dimensional cellular automaton model of traffic flow introduced in [O. Biham, A.A. Middleton and D. Levine, Phys. Rev. A 46, R6124 (1992)]. The model consists of horizontally-oriented (H) cars that move to the right and vertically-oriented (V) cars...
This philosophical dialogue explores the idea that the foundational principles of quantum mechanics need not be interpreted as describing a new physics, but may instead arise from the logical necessity of formalising the act of measurement within a coherent algebraic framework. By pushing this perspective to its extreme, the dialogue...
Large language models (LLMs) often encode cognitive behaviors unpredictably across prompts, layers, and contexts, making them difficult to diagnose and control. We present CBMAS, a diagnostic framework for continuous activation steering, which extends cognitive bias analysis from discrete before/after interventions to interpretable...
We propose a reinforcement learning based scheduling framework for Restless Multi-Armed Bandit (RMAB) problems, centred on a Whittle Index Q-Learning policy with Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) exploration, referred to as WIQL-UCB. Unlike existing approaches that rely on fixed or adaptive epsilon-greedy strategies and require careful...
Bound states in the continuum, originally proposed within the framework of quantum mechanics, have since been observed in a variety of physical contexts, including electromagnetism, acoustics, and optics. Of particular interest are those bound states in the continuum that are protected by continuous symmetries, as their stability...
This article reviews the emerging field of exo-geoscience, focusing on the geological and geophysical processes thought to influence the evolution and (eu)habitability of rocky exoplanets. We examine the possible roles of planetary interiors, tectonic regimes, continental coverage, volatile cycling, magnetic fields, and atmospheric...
Introduction: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) arises from diverse comorbidities and progresses through prolonged subclinical stages, making early diagnosis and prognosis difficult. Current echocardiography-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) models focus primarily on binary HFpEF detection in humans and do not...
We develop a scalable algorithm for mean field control problems with kernel interactions by combining particle system simulations with random Fourier feature approximations. The method replaces the quadratic-cost kernel evaluations by linear-time estimates, enabling efficient stochastic gradient descent for training feedback controls...
Computing shortest paths for curvature-constrained Dubins vehicles on the unit sphere is fundamental to many engineering applications, including long-range flight planning, persistent surveillance patterns, and global routing problems where great circles are natural routes. Numerical optimization methods on $\SO(3)$ suffer from...
To overcome the limitations of conventional liquid density sensors, MEMS-based approaches have been developed. However, the viscosity-density coupling effect often compromises accuracy in high-viscosity liquids. Although various decoupling strategies have been proposed, they often suffer from complexity and inefficiency. This study...
When granular materials with interstitial liquid bridges are sheared in a split-bottom cell, a localized shear band develops, accompanied by a surface elevation. Cohesion, governed by the surface tension of the interstitial liquid, enhances dilatancy in dense cohesive packings, leading to expansion within the shear band and the...
This study evaluates the linguistic and clinical suitability of synthetic electronic health records in mental health. First, we describe the rationale and the methodology for creating the synthetic corpus. Second, we examine expressions of agency, modality, and information flow across four clinical genres (Assessments, Correspondence,...
This paper proposes a hybrid hydrogen electrolyzer-supercapacitor system (HESS) with a novel control strategy for renewable-dominant power grids. The HESS consists of alkaline electrolyzers (AEL), proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEL), and supercapacitors (SC). The interfacing inverters between HESS and power grid are...
We investigate induced Compton scattering of a circularly polarized Alfvén wave propagating in a magnetized electron-positron pair plasma using one-dimensional Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations. In this system, two distinct modes of density fluctuations, referred to as the charged mode and the neutral mode, are theoretically expected...
The n_TOF collaboration has expressed interest in developing transmission experiments with liquid argon (LAr) and gaseous argon (GAr) to improve the understanding of neutron propagation and capture in Ar. This topic is relevant to both nuclear and particle physics, as LAr is widely used in neutrino experiments, dark matter searches...
Semantic segmentation is a fundamental problem in computer vision and it requires high-resolution feature maps for dense prediction. Current coordinate-guided low-resolution feature interpolation methods, e.g., bilinear interpolation, produce coarse high-resolution features which suffer from feature misalignment and insufficient...
We construct a model of $\mathsf{MA_{\aleph_1}}+\mathsf{OCA}_T$ where Baumgartner's Axiom fails, settling a question of Farah. Moreover, in the same model there is an $\aleph_1$-dense set of reals which is neither reversible nor increasing, answering a question of Marun, Shelah, and Switzer.