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Computer Science

arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 8, 2026 — 01:31:37 EST

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Posted in cs.LG · 2026-01-21 · Lorian Bannis

Lattice: A Confidence-Gated Hybrid System for Uncertainty-Aware Sequential Prediction with Behavioral Archetypes

We introduce Lattice, a hybrid sequential prediction system that conditionally activates learned behavioral structure using binary confidence gating. The system summarizes behavior windows as behavioral archetypes and activates archetype-based scoring only when an in-support confidence signal exceeds a validation-calibrated threshold,...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15423v2PDF
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Posted in cs.LO · 2026-01-21 · Cécilia Pradic, Ian Price

Problems with fixpoints of polynomials of polynomials

Motivated by applications in computable analysis, we study fixpoints of certain endofunctors over categories of containers. More specifically, we focus on fibred endofunctors over the fibrewise opposite of the codomain fibration that can be themselves be represented by families of polynomial endofunctors. In this setting, we show how...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15420v2PDF
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Posted in cs.RO · 2026-01-21 · Yashuai Yan, Dongheui Lee

Learning a Unified Latent Space for Cross-Embodiment Robot Control

We present a scalable framework for cross-embodiment humanoid robot control by learning a shared latent representation that unifies motion across humans and diverse humanoid platforms, including single-arm, dual-arm, and legged humanoid robots. Our method proceeds in two stages: first, we construct a decoupled latent space that...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15419v1PDF
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Posted in cs.LG · 2026-01-21 · Adrián Rodríguez-Muñoz, William Daspit, Adam Klivans, Antonio Torralba, Constantinos Daskalakis, Giannis Daras

Ambient Dataloops: Generative Models for Dataset Refinement

We propose Ambient Dataloops, an iterative framework for refining datasets that makes it easier for diffusion models to learn the underlying data distribution. Modern datasets contain samples of highly varying quality, and training directly on such heterogeneous data often yields suboptimal models. We propose a dataset-model...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15417v1PDF
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Posted in cs.SE · 2026-01-21 · Bing Xu, Terry Chen, Fengzhe Zhou, Tianqi Chen, Yangqing Jia, Vinod Grover, Haicheng Wu, Wei Liu, Craig Wittenbrink, Wen-mei Hwu, Roger Bringmann, Ming-Yu Liu, Luis Ceze, Michael Lightstone, Humphrey Shi

VibeTensor: System Software for Deep Learning, Fully Generated by AI Agents

VIBETENSOR is an open-source research system software stack for deep learning, generated by LLM-powered coding agents under high-level human guidance. In this paper, "fully generated" refers to code provenance: implementation changes were produced and applied as agent-proposed diffs; validation relied on agent-run builds, tests, and...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.16238v1PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-21 · Cuong Tran Van, Trong-Thang Pham, Ngoc-Son Nguyen, Duy Minh Ho Nguyen, Ngan Le

DuFal: Dual-Frequency-Aware Learning for High-Fidelity Extremely Sparse-view CBCT Reconstruction

Sparse-view Cone-Beam Computed Tomography reconstruction from limited X-ray projections remains a challenging problem in medical imaging due to the inherent undersampling of fine-grained anatomical details, which correspond to high-frequency components. Conventional CNN-based methods often struggle to recover these fine structures, as...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15416v2PDF
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Posted in cs.HC · 2026-01-21 · Shreya Haran, Samiha Thatikonda, Dong Whi Yoo, Koustuv Saha

A Checklist for Trustworthy, Safe, and User-Friendly Mental Health Chatbots

Mental health concerns are rising globally, prompting increased reliance on technology to address the demand-supply gap in mental health services. In particular, mental health chatbots are emerging as a promising solution, but these remain largely untested, raising concerns about safety and potential harms. In this paper, we dive into...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15412v1PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-21 · Pablo Messina, Andrés Villa, Juan León Alcázar, Karen Sánchez, Carlos Hinojosa, Denis Parra, Álvaro Soto, Bernard Ghanem

CURE: Curriculum-guided Multi-task Training for Reliable Anatomy Grounded Report Generation

Medical vision-language models can automate the generation of radiology reports but struggle with accurate visual grounding and factual consistency. Existing models often misalign textual findings with visual evidence, leading to unreliable or weakly grounded predictions. We present CURE, an error-aware curriculum learning framework...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15408v2PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-21 · Hatef Otroshi Shahreza, Anjith George, Sébastien Marcel

Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models for Heterogeneous Face Recognition

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated strong performance on a wide range of vision-language tasks, raising interest in their potential use for biometric applications. In this paper, we conduct a systematic evaluation of state-of-the-art MLLMs for heterogeneous face recognition (HFR), where enrollment and...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15406v1PDF
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Posted in cs.IT · 2026-01-21 · Arman Fazeli, Mohammad M. Mansour, Ziyuan Zhu, Louay Jalloul

Partially Polarized Polar Codes: A New Design for 6G Control Channels

We introduce a new family of polar-like codes, called Partially Polarized Polar (PPP) codes. PPP codes are constructed from conventional polar codes by selectively pruning polarization kernels, thereby modifying the synthesized bit-channel capacities to ensure a guaranteed number of non-frozen bits available early in decoding. These...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15404v1PDF
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Posted in cs.CR · 2026-01-21 · Sajjad Akherati, Xinmiao Zhang

Multi-Input Ciphertext Multiplication for Homomorphic Encryption

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables arithmetic operations to be performed directly on encrypted data. It is essential for privacy-preserving applications such as machine learning, medical diagnosis, and financial data analysis. In popular HE schemes, ciphertext multiplication is only defined for two inputs. However, the multiplication...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15401v1PDF
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Posted in cs.LG · 2026-01-21 · Ashna Nawar Ahmed, Banooqa Banday, Terry Jones, Tanzima Z. Islam

Attention-Informed Surrogates for Navigating Power-Performance Trade-offs in HPC

High-Performance Computing (HPC) schedulers must balance user performance with facility-wide resource constraints. The task boils down to selecting the optimal number of nodes for a given job. We present a surrogate-assisted multi-objective Bayesian optimization (MOBO) framework to automate this complex decision. Our core hypothesis...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15399v1PDF
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Posted in cs.AI · 2026-01-21 · Peidong Wang

Beyond Prompting: Efficient and Robust Contextual Biasing for Speech LLMs via Logit-Space Integration (LOGIC)

The rapid emergence of new entities -- driven by cultural shifts, evolving trends, and personalized user data -- poses a significant challenge for existing Speech Large Language Models (Speech LLMs). While these models excel at general conversational tasks, their static training knowledge limits their ability to recognize...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15397v2PDF
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Posted in cs.CL · 2026-01-21 · Tamunotonye Harry, Ivoline Ngong, Chima Nweke, Yuanyuan Feng, Joseph Near

Beyond Fixed Psychological Personas: State Beats Trait, but Language Models are State-Blind

User interactions with language models vary due to static properties of the user (trait) and the specific context of the interaction (state). However, existing persona datasets (like PersonaChat, PANDORA etc.) capture only trait, and ignore the impact of state. We introduce Chameleon, a dataset of 5,001 contextual psychological...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15395v2PDF
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Posted in cs.CL · 2026-01-21 · Jaydeep Borkar, Karan Chadha, Niloofar Mireshghallah, Yuchen Zhang, Irina-Elena Veliche, Archi Mitra, David A. Smith, Zheng Xu, Diego Garcia-Olano

Memorization Dynamics in Knowledge Distillation for Language Models

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is increasingly adopted to transfer capabilities from large language models to smaller ones, offering significant improvements in efficiency and utility while often surpassing standard fine-tuning. Beyond performance, KD is also explored as a privacy-preserving mechanism to mitigate the risk of training...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15394v1PDF
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Posted in cs.AI · 2026-01-21 · Francesca Pia Panaccione, Carlo Sgaravatti, Pietro Pinoli

GeMM-GAN: A Multimodal Generative Model Conditioned on Histopathology Images and Clinical Descriptions for Gene Expression Profile Generation

Biomedical research increasingly relies on integrating diverse data modalities, including gene expression profiles, medical images, and clinical metadata. While medical images and clinical metadata are routinely collected in clinical practice, gene expression data presents unique challenges for widespread research use, mainly due to...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15392v1PDF
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Posted in cs.LG · 2026-01-21 · Zhaolong Su, Leheng Zhao, Xiaoying Wu, Ziyue Xu, Jindong Wang

FedUMM: A General Framework for Federated Learning with Unified Multimodal Models

Unified multimodal models (UMMs) are emerging as strong foundation models that can do both generation and understanding tasks in a single architecture. However, they are typically trained in centralized settings where all training and downstream datasets are gathered in a central server, limiting the deployment in privacy-sensitive...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15390v1PDF
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Posted in cs.HC · 2026-01-21 · Marko Hostnik, Rauf Kurbanov, Yaroslav Sokolov, Artem Trofimov

VegaChat: A Robust Framework for LLM-Based Chart Generation and Assessment

Natural-language-to-visualization (NL2VIS) systems based on large language models (LLMs) have substantially improved the accessibility of data visualization. However, their further adoption is hindered by two coupled challenges: (i) the absence of standardized evaluation metrics makes it difficult to assess progress in the field and...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15385v1PDF
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Posted in cs.LG · 2026-01-21 · Elon Litman, Gabe Guo

You Need Better Attention Priors

We generalize the attention mechanism by viewing it through the lens of Entropic Optimal Transport, revealing that standard attention corresponds to a transport problem regularized by an implicit uniform prior. We introduce Generalized Optimal transport Attention with Trainable priors (GOAT), a new attention mechanism that replaces...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15380v1PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-21 · Jiwon Kang, Yeji Choi, JoungBin Lee, Wooseok Jang, Jinhyeok Choi, Taekeun Kang, Yongjae Park, Myungin Kim, Seungryong Kim

APPLE: Attribute-Preserving Pseudo-Labeling for Diffusion-Based Face Swapping

Face swapping aims to transfer the identity of a source face onto a target face while preserving target-specific attributes such as pose, expression, lighting, skin tone, and makeup. However, since real ground truth for face swapping is unavailable, achieving both accurate identity transfer and high-quality attribute preservation...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15288v2PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-21 · Gautom Das, Vincent La, Ethan Lau, Abhinav Shrivastava, Matthew Gwilliam

Towards Understanding Best Practices for Quantization of Vision-Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive results for a variety of tasks, but state-of-the-art systems require fast GPUs with large amounts of memory. To reduce both the memory and latency of these systems, practitioners quantize their learned parameters, typically at half precision. A growing body of research focuses on...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15287v1PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-21 · Shantanu Jaiswal, Mihir Prabhudesai, Nikash Bhardwaj, Zheyang Qin, Amir Zadeh, Chuan Li, Katerina Fragkiadaki, Deepak Pathak

Iterative Refinement Improves Compositional Image Generation

Text-to-image (T2I) models have achieved remarkable progress, yet they continue to struggle with complex prompts that require simultaneously handling multiple objects, relations, and attributes. Existing inference-time strategies, such as parallel sampling with verifiers or simply increasing denoising steps, can improve prompt...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15286v1PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-21 · Anurag Bagchi, Zhipeng Bao, Homanga Bharadhwaj, Yu-Xiong Wang, Pavel Tokmakov, Martial Hebert

Walk through Paintings: Egocentric World Models from Internet Priors

What if a video generation model could not only imagine a plausible future, but the correct one, accurately reflecting how the world changes with each action? We address this question by presenting the Egocentric World Model (EgoWM), a simple, architecture-agnostic method that transforms any pretrained video diffusion model into an...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15284v1PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-21 · Ruofan Liang, Norman Müller, Ethan Weber, Duncan Zauss, Nandita Vijaykumar, Peter Kontschieder, Christian Richardt

LuxRemix: Lighting Decomposition and Remixing for Indoor Scenes

We present a novel approach for interactive light editing in indoor scenes from a single multi-view scene capture. Our method leverages a generative image-based light decomposition model that factorizes complex indoor scene illumination into its constituent light sources. This factorization enables independent manipulation of...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15283v2PDF
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Posted in cs.CV · 2026-01-21 · Yufan Deng, Zilin Pan, Hongyu Zhang, Xiaojie Li, Ruoqing Hu, Yufei Ding, Yiming Zou, Yan Zeng, Daquan Zhou

Rethinking Video Generation Model for the Embodied World

Video generation models have significantly advanced embodied intelligence, unlocking new possibilities for generating diverse robot data that capture perception, reasoning, and action in the physical world. However, synthesizing high-quality videos that accurately reflect real-world robotic interactions remains challenging, and the...

💬 0 commentsarXiv:2601.15282v1PDF