arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 7, 2026 — 08:45:14 EST
As global battery demand increases, real-time process control becomes increasingly important for battery electrode manufacturing, yet slot-die lines are still mostly manually operated in open loop. This paper develops a physics-based modelling-and-control pipeline for film-thickness regulation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)...
Accurate crop yield prediction relies on diverse data streams, including satellite, meteorological, soil, and topographic information. However, despite rapid advances in machine learning, existing approaches remain crop- or region-specific and require data engineering efforts. This limits scalability, reproducibility, and operational...
Hybrid AC/DC microgrids with distributed energy storage (DS) improve power reliability in remote areas. Existing power management methods either focus on steady-state power sharing or transient inertia support, but rarely combine both. They also often ignore frequency and voltage deviations caused by droop control, which can harm...
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) can reduce beam-training overhead in mmWave vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links by enabling in-band sensing-based beam prediction, while exteroceptive sensors can further enhance the prediction accuracy. This work develop a system-level framework that evaluates camera, LiDAR, radar, GPS,...
Artificial intelligence models have shown strong potential in acute ischemic stroke imaging, particularly for lesion detection and segmentation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, most existing approaches operate as black box predictors, producing deterministic outputs without explicit uncertainty...
This study examines long-term CO$_2$ emission trajectories across five major economies: Nigeria, the United States, China, Brazil, and Russia, by integrating national energy-mix characteristics with time-series forecasting models. Annual emissions from 2000-2023 were analyzed alongside energy production data to classify countries into...
We propose a scalable reachability-based framework for probabilistic, data-driven safety verification of unknown nonlinear dynamics. We use Koopman theory with a neural network (NN) lifting function to learn an approximate linear representation of the dynamics and design linear controllers in this space to enable closed-loop tracking...
We propose a reinforcement learning based scheduling framework for Restless Multi-Armed Bandit (RMAB) problems, centred on a Whittle Index Q-Learning policy with Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) exploration, referred to as WIQL-UCB. Unlike existing approaches that rely on fixed or adaptive epsilon-greedy strategies and require careful...
This paper proposes a hybrid hydrogen electrolyzer-supercapacitor system (HESS) with a novel control strategy for renewable-dominant power grids. The HESS consists of alkaline electrolyzers (AEL), proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEL), and supercapacitors (SC). The interfacing inverters between HESS and power grid are...
To match the growing demand for bio-methane production, anaerobic digesters need to embrace the co-digestion of different feedstocks; in addition, to improve the techno-economic performance, an optimal and time-varying adaptation of the input diet is required. These operation modes constitute a very hard challenge for the limited...
This paper investigates node deployment strategies for robust multi-node cooperative localization in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) networks.We first analyze how steering vector correlation across different positions affects localization performance and introduce a novel distance-weighted correlation metric to...
While one-step diffusion models have recently excelled in perceptual image compression, their application to video remains limited. Prior efforts typically rely on pretrained 2D autoencoders that generate per-frame latent representations independently, thereby neglecting temporal dependencies. We present YODA--Yet Another One-step...
This paper presents an adaptive multi-model framework for jointly estimating spacecraft attitude and star-tracker misalignments in GPS-denied deep-space CubeSat missions. A Multiplicative Extended Kalman Filter (MEKF) estimates attitude, angular velocity, and gyro bias, while a Bayesian Multiple-Model Adaptive Estimation (MMAE) layer...
Actuator amplitude and rate saturation (A\&RSat), together with their consequent windup problem, have long been recognised as challenges in control systems. Anti-windup (AW) solutions have been developed over the past decades, which can generally be categorised into two main groups: classical and modern anti-windup (CAW and MAW)...
Pinching-antenna (PA) systems have recently emerged as a promising member of the flexible-antenna family due to their ability to dynamically establish line-of-sight (LoS) links. While most existing studies assume ideal environments without obstacles, practical indoor deployments are often obstacle-rich, where LoS blockage...
Public bus transport systems in developing countries often suffer from a lack of real-time location updates and for users, making commuting inconvenient and unreliable for passengers. Furthermore, stopping at undesired locations rather than designated bus stops creates safety risks and contributes to roadblocks, often causing traffic...
This paper introduces SENA (SEamlessly NAtural), a geometry-driven image stitching approach that prioritizes structural fidelity in challenging real-world scenes characterized by parallax and depth variation. Conventional image stitching relies on homographic alignment, but this rigid planar assumption often fails in dual-camera...
An operational optimization strategy for microgrid energy storage systems (ESSs) is developed to address practical user-oriented application requirements, and its effectiveness is validated using real-world operational data. First, a fundamental ESS model is established to characterize system dynamics and operational constraints,...
This paper proposes a low-power and low-noise instrumentation amplifier (IA) tailored for bioimpedance sensing applications. The design originates from a gain-boosted flipped voltage follower (FVF) transconductance (TC) stage and integrates two complementary circuit techniques to improve the noise performance. To achieve an optimal...
Accurate fMRI analysis requires sensitivity to temporal structure across multiple scales, as BOLD signals encode cognitive processes that emerge from fast transient dynamics to slower, large-scale fluctuations. Existing deep learning (DL) approaches to temporal modeling face challenges in jointly capturing these dynamics over long...
Medical image analysis faces two critical challenges: scarcity of labeled data and lack of model interpretability, both hindering clinical AI deployment. Few-shot learning (FSL) addresses data limitations but lacks transparency in predictions. Active learning (AL) methods optimize data acquisition but overlook interpretability of...
Maximizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) is a fundamental problem in waveform design for active sensing and hypothesis testing, as it directly relates to the error exponent of detection probability. However, the associated optimization problem is highly nonconvex due to the intricate coupling of log-determinant and matrix...
This paper presents a decentralized control framework for distribution matching in multi-agent systems (MAS), where agents collectively achieve a prescribed terminal spatial distribution. The problem is formulated using optimal transport (Wasserstein distance), which provides a principled measure of distributional discrepancy and...
Multi-functional reconfigurable intelligent surface (MF-RIS) is conceived to address the communication efficiency thanks to its extended signal coverage from its active RIS capability and self-sustainability from energy harvesting (EH). We investigate the architecture of multi-MF-RISs to assist non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)...
Current navigation systems conflate time-to-drive with the true time-to-arrive by ignoring parking search duration and the final walking leg. Such underestimation can significantly affect user experience, mode choice, congestion, and emissions. To address this issue, this paper introduces the probability-aware parking selection...