arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 8, 2026 — 17:57:02 EST
We consider a genuinely nonlinear $1$-d system of hyperbolic conservation laws with two unknowns. A famous construction of Glimm & Lax shows that global-in-time "Glimm-Lax" weak entropy solutions exist in this setting for any initial data with small $L^\infty$ norm [Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. (1970), no. 101]. Recent work in the...
Let $Γ$ be a bounded Jordan curve and $Ω_i,Ω_e$ its two complementary components. For $p\in (1, \infty),\,s\in(0,1)$ we define the two spaces $\mathcal{B}_{p,p}^s(Ω_{i,e})$ as the set of harmonic functions $u$ respectively in $Ω_i$ and $Ω_e$ such that $$ \iint_{Ω_{i,e}} |\nabla u(z)|^p d(z,Γ)^{(1-s)p-1} dxdy<+\infty.$$ When it is...
In the present paper, we study a double-phase variable exponent problem which is set up within a variational framework including a singular potential of fractional-Hardy-type. We employ the Mountain-Pass theorem and the strong minimum principle to obtain the existence of at least one nontrivial positive weak solution.
Conditional copula models allow dependence structures to vary with observed covariates while preserving a separation between marginal behavior and association. We study the uniform asymptotic behavior of kernel-weighted local likelihood estimators for smoothly varying copula parameters in multivariate conditional copula models. Using...
Automatically determining the number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and their center frequencies in Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) remains an open mathematical challenge. Existing methods rely on heuristic settings, trial-and-error, or recursive extraction lacking theoretical convergence guarantees. We propose a variational...
We study the relative pro-$\ell$ and continuous relative completions of the algebraic fundamental groups of universal curves over the moduli stack of curves with unordered marked points in positive characteristic. Using specialization and homotopy exact sequences, we compare the ordered and unordered settings and prove that the...
Systemic financial risk refers to the simultaneous failure or destabilization of multiple financial institutions, often triggered by contagion mechanisms or common exposures to shocks. In this paper, we present a dynamical model of bank leverage (the ratio of asset holdings to equity) a quantity that both reflects and drives risk...
We introduce the Multiscale Experience Replay (MER) algorithm for solving a class of stochastic variational inequalities (VIs) in settings where samples are generated from a Markov chain and we have access to a memory buffer to store them. Rather than uniformly sampling from the buffer, MER utilizes a multi-scale sampling scheme to...
Rare events in molecular dynamics are often related to noise-induced transitions between different macroscopic states (e.g., in protein folding). A common feature of these rare transitions is that they happen on timescales that are on average exponentially long compared to the characteristic timescale of the system, with waiting time...
In this paper, we consider the geometric setting of navigation data and introduce a natural parallel translation using the Riemannian parallelism. The geometry obtained in this way has some nice and natural features: the natural parallel translation is homogeneous (but in general nonlinear), preserves the Randers type Finslerian norm...
Guo and Royle recently classified the connected cubic graphs without eigenvalues of their adjacency matrix in the open interval $(-1, 1)$, and raised the question of extending their classification to graphs of maximum degree at most $3$. They carried out a preliminary investigation of the subcubic case, exhibiting both infinite...
We recently characterized the separated determinantal point processes $Λ_φ$ associated with Fock spaces $\mathcal F_φ$ in the plane with doubling weight $φ$. We also showed that, as expected, a more restrictive condition is required to characterize the separated Poisson processes with the same first intensities as $Λ_φ$. To gain...
Estimating causal effects of continuous treatments is a common problem in practice, for example, in studying average dose-response functions. Classical analyses typically assume that all confounders are fully observed, whereas in real-world applications, unmeasured confounding often persists. In this article, we propose a novel...
We establish the convergence of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for time-dependent fractional diffusion equations posed on bounded domains. The presence of fractional Laplacian operators introduces nonlocal behavior and regularity constraints, and standard neural network approximations do not naturally enforce the associated...
The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra (FTA) asserts that every complex polynomial has as many complex roots, counted with multiplicities, as its degree. A probabilistic analogue of this theorem for real roots of real polynomials, sometimes referred to as the Kac theorem, was found between 1938 and 1943 by J. Littlewood, A. Offord, and M....
In this paper, we consider a continuous fragmentation--coagulation model in which the reacting particles can be transported in physical space through either advection or diffusion. We prove new results on the generation of $C_0$-semigroups with parameter and use them to show that the Abstract Cauchy Problem associated with a more...
We study a ruin problem for an annuity model where a fixed fraction of capital is invested in a risky asset. Under weak assumptions on jumps, the ruin probability solves a second-order integro-differential equation and decays as a power function for large initial capital.
In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in extremal problems concerning the enumeration of independent sets or cliques in graphs with specific constraints. For instance, the Kahn-Zhao theorem establishes an upper bound on the number of independent sets in a $d$-regular graph. Building on this, Cutler and Radcliffe extended...
We develop two adaptive finite difference methods for the numerical simulation of the Willmore flow, employing the kth-order backward differentiation formula (BDFk) for time discretization, together with monitor functions for dynamic mesh adaptation along evolving interfaces. The first approach is based on a weighted arc-length...
We study the finite sampling map $H \mapsto \bigl(v_{H,Λ}(x_k + iη)\bigr)_{k=1}^M$ for trace-normed canonical systems on $[0,Λ]$ with free tail $H(s)=\frac{1}{2}I$ for $s \ge Λ$, where $v_{H,Λ}$ is the Schur transform of the Weyl coefficient. At the free Hamiltonian $H_0 \equiv \frac{1}{2}I$, we obtain an explicit first-order...
Motivated by the work of Esnault-Hai, one has the notion of de Rham $K(π,1)$ schemes, defined as follows. Given a smooth proper geometrically connected scheme $X$ over a field $k$ of characteristic 0 and a base point $x \in X (k)$, one can define its differential fundamental group $π^{\mathrm{diff}}(X/k)$, which comes from the...
In this paper we consider some optimal control problems governed by elliptic partial differential equations. The solution is the state variable, while the control variable is, depending on the case, the coefficient of the PDE, the potential, the right-hand side. The cost functional is of integral type and involves both the state and...
We introduce the Equilibrated Averaging Residual Method (EARM), a unified equilibrated flux-recovery framework for elliptic interface problems that applies to a broad class of finite element discretizations. The method is applicable in both two and three dimensions and for arbitrary polynomial orders, and it enables the construction...
This series of papers is a contribution to the program of classifying $p$-blocks of finite groups up to source algebra equivalence, starting with the case of cyclic blocks. To any $p$-block $\mathbf{B}$ of a finite group with cyclic defect group $D$, Linckelmann associated an invariant $W( \mathbf{B} )$, which is an indecomposable...
We propose a MINRES-based Newton-type algorithm for solving unconstrained nonconvex optimization problems. Our approach uses the minimal residual method (MINRES), a well-known solver for indefinite symmetric linear systems, to compute descent directions that leverage second-order and non-positive curvature (NPC) information....