arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 6, 2026 — 20:48:52 EST
Characterising the efficiency with which designs over various subsets of the unitary group may be constructed is an important goal of quantum information theory. While it is now known that approximate unitary designs can be realised in depth logarithmic in the system size, it has recently been shown that ensembles of local...
High resolution imaging with optical speckle interferometry has revealed that many transiting exoplanet host stars possess close-in stellar companions. The objective of this study is to quantify how the presence of these companions impacts the ability of TESS to detect the transits of small planets. We accomplish this by examining...
Hadronic molecules are commonly viewed as products of near-threshold two-body dynamics. We investigate whether an experimentally established molecule can also serve as a building block for a more complex exotic hadron by studying pion scattering off $T^+_{cc}(3875)$. Treating $T_{cc}$ as a correlated isoscalar $D D^*$ molecular...
Quantum technology has the potential to transform scientific discovery, but quantum advantages often require processing capabilities well beyond the reach of experimental platforms. We show that coupling a single controllable qubit to an otherwise conventional sensor can exponentially reduce the number of measurements required to...
The Carruthers Geocorona Observatory, launched in September 2025, is NASA's first mission devoted to investigating the fundamental nature of Earth's exosphere from its distant vantage in halo orbit around the Earth-Sun Lagrange (L1) point. Its primary payload, the GeoCoronal Imager, consists of two coaligned photometric imagers that...
Liquids exhibit collective behavior that depends sensitively on thermodynamic conditions, interfaces and confinement, yet predicting each new state commonly requires a separate atomistic simulation. Classical density functional theory offers a reusable variational description, but its central excess free-energy functional is generally...
Complex multipath environments are usually avoided in wave-based information processing because repeated scattering creates many interfering propagation paths, obscuring controllability and generating extreme sensitivity to perturbations. The addition of nonlinear mechanisms fundamentally alters the wave-control landscape by breaking...
We describe a mechanism of affine symmetry emergence in the maximal density regime of the prototypical model of self-organized criticality when the inverse square of the mesh of the underlying lattice is much larger than the number of random perturbation points distributed according to a prescribed probability measure supported in the...
We investigate the quadratic-order effective energy--momentum tensor (2EMT) of scalar cosmological perturbations on uniform-density hypersurfaces during slow-roll inflation. The 2EMT is constructed from terms quadratic in the linear metric and inflaton perturbations, and is therefore a gauge-fixed effective source rather than a...
AI weather emulators benefit from clear objectives and metrics, which have led to the rapid development of models that outperform traditional benchmarks. In contrast, long-term climate emulators must reliably reproduce forced responses over months to centuries, while relying on training objectives that span a small number of model...
We study the distribution of quantum correlations and basis-independent coherence in a pair of massive particles confined in a double-well potential and coupled through their mutual Newtonian gravitational interaction. Non-classical correlations are characterized using Bures distance of entanglement and quantum discord, while...
Unitary designs provide finite-moment approximations to Haar-random unitaries, with wide-ranging applications across physics and quantum information, from scrambling and black-hole dynamics to foundational primitives in quantum algorithms. Strong unitary designs capture a more demanding operational notion of approximation, requiring...
Deep learning surrogates for RANS flow prediction around airfoils face two persistent bottlenecks. A single neural architecture cannot simultaneously resolve sharp near-wall boundary layers and smooth far-field potential flow. Additionally, force prediction is undermined by the numerical instability of computing wall-normal velocity...
Motivated by recent DESI results suggesting dynamical dark energy, we investigate the thawing scenario in quintessence with an exponential potential, $V=V_0e^{-λφ/m_{\mathrm{pl}}}$, by analytically expanding the deviation of the equation of state parameter $w_φ$ from $-1$ in powers of $λ$. In addition to the previously known...
The macroscopic ideal-MHD stability of an axisymmetric mirror device with sonic levels of plasma rotation is analyzed by approximating the plasma equilibrium as a rotating theta pinch possessing an artificial gravity. An eigenmode equation is derived that governs the stability of the equilibrium to small perturbations in the case of...
Thin-film Mn$_5$Si$_3$ is one of the most studied altermagnetic candidates thanks to its metallicity, demonstrated anomalous transport properties, and assumed $d$-wave exchange splitting pattern enabling spin-polarized transport and various spintronic applications. Its postulated altermagnetic structure has zero propagation vector, in...
We report the formation of an original dome-shaped air-water cavity at the impact site of closely-packed plunging water jets. The injector assembly consists of concentric rings of circular jets, similar to a shower-head configuration. We infer from high-speed imaging, LASER-induced fluorescence, and optical phase detection probes that...
Combined with numerical analytic continuation techniques, quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods enable the extraction of real-frequency dynamical properties from imaginary-time correlation functions. However, the efficient computation of imaginary-time correlation functions by QMC simulations can (depending on the particular model used)...
Dyson universality typically manifests itself in local eigenvalue statistics. Here we show that its signature survives a nonlinear inverse-spectral reconstruction and reappears in the matrix geometry of the reconstructed operator. Using a dressing transformation, we map each unfolded spectrum to a deformation $f(x)$ of a fixed...
In the effort to determine which low-mass exoplanets have atmospheres, LHS 1140 b remains one of the most favorable targets. Its large size (5.6 $\rm M_{\oplus}$ and 1.7 $\rm R_{\oplus}$) and relatively long orbital period (24.7 days) imply an atmosphere may be likely, and notably, recent interior models favor either a...
Orbiting in the habitable zone of its host star, the 1.7 $R_\oplus$, 5.6 $M_\oplus$ planet LHS 1140 b is a target of great interest. Recently Cherubim et al. (2026) published a detection of metastable He escaping from the atmosphere of LHS 1140 b, simultaneously providing the first concrete inference of an atmosphere on this planet...
We investigate the thermodynamic properties and critical behavior of rotating strongly interacting matter within the two-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model in the mean-field approximation. The phase structure and the critical endpoint (CEP) are determined in the temperature--angular velocity \((T,ω)\) plane. By analyzing the...
The JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument Medium Resolution Spectrometer provides the capability to obtain spectra from 5-28 micron. The JWST data reduction pipeline removes the majority but not all of the instrument artifacts and the signal-to-noise (S/N) of the resulting spectra are limited by fixed pattern noise. Building on previous work,...
We identify a general mechanism for the finite-time thermalization of macroscopic observables, such as coarse-grained charge densities, in terms of elementary forms of the quantum dynamics of initial states: (1) aperiodicity, which provides a computable measure of (2) a dynamical partially ergodic exploration of the Hilbert space....
The assumption of long-term pulse-profile stability underpins high-precision pulsar timing and forms the basis of pulsar timing array experiments. However, several millisecond pulsars exhibit temporal profile variability that can introduce systematic biases in pulse time of arrival measurements and compromise timing precision. We...