arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 6, 2026 — 23:07:39 EST
We present dust scaling relations across cosmic time ($0 \le z \le 15$) for galaxies in the COLIBRE cosmological simulations. COLIBRE self-consistently tracks dust production, growth, destruction, and grain size evolution within a multiphase interstellar medium. Using volumes up to $(400\, {\rm cMpc})^3$ at three mass resolutions...
Recent pulsar timing array (PTA) results have provided evidence for the presence of a nanohertz gravitational wave (GW) background, most likely originating from a population of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). The next major milestone is the detection of continuous GWs (CGWs) from an individual SMBHB and the identification...
Composite dynamical dark energy (DDE) has recently been explored as an efficient way to help cure cosmological tensions through the so-called $w$XCDM model {Gomez-Valent:2024tdb,Gomez-Valent:2024ejh}, a toy-model version of the $Λ$XCDM model {Grande:2006nn}. The latter is a composite running vacuum model (RVM) that involves a DE...
We establish the weak gravitational lensing convergence trispectrum as an independent probe of cosmological parity violation in the late-time Large-Scale Structure (LSS). To map three-dimensional primordial symmetries into two-dimensional observables, we derive a generalized, compact projection formalism for the reduced angular...
The modeling of photonuclear reactions is increasingly important for applications involving high-energy photon fields, including accelerator-driven neutron sources, radiation shielding, medical physics, and fusion technologies. Although the Monte Carlo code OpenMC provides well-verified photoatomic transport capabilities, its...
Earthquake triggering is conventionally characterised by a scalar ETAS branching ratio. We develop a three-type Hawkes-ETAS model that resolves strike-slip, normal, and reverse/thrust earthquakes through a directed branching matrix $N$. While the spectral radius $ρ(N)<1$ controls asymptotic stability, its eigenvector geometry controls...
In this paper we propose that spacetime is an emergent fractal geometry generated by the entanglement structure of an underlying quantum information network. Indeed, it is developed a framework in which spacetime, quantum mechanics, and gravity emerge from the entanglement structure of a universal quantum state. Geometry is defined by...
Variational quantum circuits have been central to many proposed near-term applications of quantum computing, but a growing body of evidence suggests that trainability and quantum advantage are fundamentally at odds: ansätze expressive enough to resist efficient classical simulation tend to exhibit barren plateaus, while structures...
Using stimulated emission, a photon pair source can be characterized by seeding the signal mode with a bright classical beam and measuring the stimulated idler field, thus replacing two-photon coincidence counting with classical intensity detection. We apply this approach to the continuous transverse spatial degrees of freedom of a...
The "butterfly effect", introduced over half a century ago by Edward Lorenz, has shifted from a cornerstone of dynamical systems to a popular metaphor, yet its true physical manifestation in fully developed turbulence spans a spectrum of phenomena from standard chaotic sensitivity to the recently established concept of Eulerian...
Trapped-ion quantum computers rely on shuttling compilers, which cast an input algorithm into a sequence of ion-qubit movements within a given architecture. We present the first study in which a single frontier large language model (LLM), Claude Opus 4.7, generates and iteratively refines the full Python code of shuttling compilers...
Supergranulation is one of the dominant scales of near-surface solar convection and provides an important diagnostic for studying the interaction between convective flows, rotation, and magnetic activity. We develop an automated framework to identify and characterize supergranular structures using subsurface horizontal-velocity maps...
Quantum resource testing is a fundamental primitive of quantum information processing, profoundly connected to resource manipulation. Its goal is to discriminate $n$ copies of a given resourceful state $ρ$ from all free (i.e., resourceless) states; key instances for applications are entanglement testing and quantum magic testing. The...
We present an analytical parametrization of the non-perturbative transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton distribution function of unpolarized quarks, extracted from Drell-Yan data using a combination of neural-network fitting and symbolic regression. A factorized neural network is trained directly against experimental cross-section...
Spread your thumb and index finger in the air, and a virtual lamp in the room changes color. Computer simulations have a long and well-documented record of supporting physics learning. They can support the understanding of abstract physical concepts by making them interactive and by inviting students to play with parameters and...
Any algorithm execution on quantum computers requires several repeated and costly executions (known as shots) to obtain reliable results. In this work, we propose a closed-form accurate analytical expression to determine optimal number of shots required for reliable execution of any algorithm on a quantum computer. We also present a...
We establish a connection between Hardy's paradox and nonlocality sharing in sequential bipartite scenarios, where each subsystem is measured in turn by a chain of observers. We show that any correlations exhibiting a Hardy paradox in the two-input two-output scenario enable sequential violations of the CHSH inequality between...
We propose a geometric cosmological probe: the nodal line of the anisotropic galaxy correlation function --- the locus in the plane where the function changes sign. Because the nodal line depends only on this sign, it is invariant under any amplitude rescaling, and its information is mostly independent of and complementary to BAO. In...
We show an explicit qutrit channel whose private and quantum capacities both vanish, although it is neither antidegradable nor positive under partial transposition (PPT). This resolves two longstanding open problems in quantum information theory: whether zero quantum capacity can occur outside the PPT and antidegradable classes, and...
Fluctuation theorems for work provide universal constraints on nonequilibrium fluctuations, yet their quantum generalizations often rely on externally prescribed classical driving protocols. While for classical systems, fluctuation theorems have been extended to autonomous work, where the dynamics of the work source is subject to the...
We prove the sharp uniform continuity bound for quantum conditional entropy. If two bipartite states are at trace distance at most $δ$ and $d=\dim A$, the optimal dimension-only modulus of continuity is $h_2(δ)+δ\log(d^2-1)$ up to $δ=1-d^{-2}$ and $2\log d$ thereafter, where $h_2$ denotes the binary entropy. When $\dim B\ge d$, this...
Extreme epidemic risk is controlled by the right tail of the outbreak-size distribution, but this distribution is generally unknown for non-Markovian spreading on networks. Here we determine this distribution by mapping non-Markovian SIR dynamics to an effective Markovian description. We show that arbitrary infection and recovery time...
Complex networked systems are prevalent in biology, engineering, and the social sciences, yet their high-dimensional, nonlinear dynamics pose major challenges for analysis and prediction. A mathematically rigorous route to simplification is to represent system behavior on a low-dimensional, smooth invariant manifold known as a...
Mechanical instabilities provide a general design principle for shaping developing organs and engineering soft materials. However, in slender structures, simple elastic buckling tends to erase rather than preserve shape complexity: structures relax to the simplest possible shape, erasing finer detail. Living systems nonetheless build...
Neutrino oscillations establish that neutrinos are massive, providing the only laboratory detection of physics beyond the Standard Model. Direct kinematic experiments bound the electron-neutrino mass to $m_{ν_e} < 0.45$ eV (KATRIN, 90% CL), implying $\sum m_ν\lesssim 1.3$ eV. Conversely, cosmology within $Λ$CDM is highly constraining:...