arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 5, 2026 — 12:09:11 EST
Stellar obliquities provide important clues as to the formation and migration histories of planetary systems, but measurements remain scarce for Neptune-mass planets, especially those orbiting hot stars (above the Kraft break). Here we present observations of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect in the hot-star/hot-Neptune system WASP-195...
Speech brain-computer interfaces (speech BCIs) translate neural activity into language, offering a path towards restoring speech for people with paralysis and, more broadly, enabling new forms of natural human-computer interaction. Despite this promise, the field lacks a common measure of progress because systems use different...
We introduce SolarWM, a fully open foundation for building interactive video world models from data preparation through long-horizon inference. Training across heterogeneous data sources and video backbones is challenging: datasets differ in temporal scale, camera geometry, visual quality, motion, and captioning styles, while video...
Recent web agents use world models for test-time action selection by sampling candidate actions, predicting the resulting web states, and ranking them with a ranker model or a Process Reward Model (PRM). These world models are typically trained via supervised next-state prediction to generate fixed representations like HTML or AXTree...
We investigate the dynamics of Chebyshev's method applied to the polynomial family $p_n(z)=z(z^n-1)$ for $n>1$. The resulting map is denoted by $C_n$. It is proved that the immediate basins corresponding to the non-zero roots are unbounded and simply connected. We also show that the Julia set of $C_n$ is connected. It is proved that...
Semilocal PBE calculations can remove viable photocatalysts before screening by labeling narrow-gap semiconductors as metals. We address this failure mode in the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB) by combining leakage-aware repair of PBE-spurious metallicity with HSE06--PBE $Δ$-learning. Stage~I classifies HSE06-unknown PBE...
We obtain a new, conceptually simpler, unconditional proof that more than $67.25\%$ of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function are simple and on the critical line, and that at least $83.62\%$ of the non-trivial zeros are distinct. A proof of these results was very recently produced by an internal research version of Claude...
We introduce the Graph Machine (GM), an architecture that maintains an $O(n)$-sized state and accesses it through sparse, dynamic routing. Unlike methods with fixed-size states or sparse but static routing, GM preserves $O(n)$ complexity in its sparse layers without restricting the potentially accessible state size to $O(1)$. Instead,...
We study the question of answering linear queries with differential privacy using few (expected) random bits. We provide a randomness-efficient analog of the $\| \cdot \|_K$-norm mechanism of Hardt and Talwar [HT10]. For the $\ell_\infty$-error, our algorithm can answer $d$ linear queries with $O(d / \varepsilon)$ error using $O(\log...
For a semiconcave function with linear modulus, we introduce the cut locus through a touching approach and prove that it coincides with the variational cut locus defined via the Lax--Oleinik semigroup, independently of the Hamiltonian. Cut points are characterized by the emptiness of the proximal subdifferential of $φ$, which we use...
We study collapsing finite-time singularities of the unnormalized Kähler--Ricci flow on Fano bundles arising in the analytic minimal model program. For a Fano bundle $X^n\rightarrow Y^m$, we prove a maximal splitting theorem by the Kähler-Ricci flow that every tangent space at a fixed limiting point splits globally as \((\C^m,g_{\rm...
Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) underlie models in science and engineering, and many applications need derivatives of their solutions with respect to parameters. Ensembles of independent trajectories suit graphics processing units (GPUs), but current GPU software forces a trade-off: the fastest ensemble solvers cannot be...
The Experimental and Instrumental Control System EPICS is used to control magnets and to read data from diagnostic devices in the CEBAF accelerator. We describe a prototype system where an EPICS installation, local on a laptop or Raspberry Pi, controls beam optics simulations. They can be running on the same computer or on a separate...
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have undoubtedly revolutionized image data analysis and the field of computer vision. As the cornerstone of CNNs, the convolution operation enables the networks to extract abstract features and uncover hidden relationships in the image data. This paper considers the problem of estimating...
We study the radiative decay $Υ(1S)\to η_bγ$ and the Dalitz decay $Υ(1S)\to η_b e^+ e^-$ within the framework of the Covariant Confined Quark Model. We provide theoretical predictions for the hadronic form factor, the radiative decay constant, and the decay branching fractions. Within the Standard Model we predict $Γ(Υ(1S)\toη_b γ) =...
We introduce a do-notation metalanguage for causal probabilistic programming. The metalanguage is based on magmads: non-associative monads. We derive causal probabilistic programming constructs from non-associativity and the primitives of probabilistic programming.
A central challenge in mechanism design is to develop truthful trade mechanisms that maximize the expected gains-from-trade (GFT) in two-sided markets. Because achieving the full GFT is generally impossible, the literature has focused on constant-factor approximations---a notoriously difficult problem even in simple settings. It was...
We obtain upper bounds for the number of real zeros of functions of the form $$ f(x) = \sum_{k=1}^{n} c_k \bigl(P_k(x)\bigr)^{α_k}, $$ where $c_k, α_k \in \mathbb{R}$ and each $P_k$ is a real polynomial of degree at most $d$ that is non-negative on an interval $I\subset \mathbb{R}$. We improve previously known exponential upper bounds...
We study Gaussian-restricted barycenters for quadratic two-sided Kullback--Leibler unbalanced optimal transport with independent marginal penalties and no coupling entropy. Exact profiling of the barycenter mass reduces the problem to a smooth Gaussian shape functional with endogenous Gibbs weights. We establish global attainment,...
A probability coordinate chart is a continuous strictly increasing bijection that transports observations to the open unit interval, where averaging is always well defined. For barycentric inference, the first coordinate moment is returned through the inverse chart. Higher initial coordinate moments similarly generate initial...
We show that a single dark-photon dark matter framework can simultaneously account for two recently reported anomalies: the halo-like Galactic gamma-ray excess identified by Totani in 15 years of Fermi-LAT data, and the $E_{\rm nr}=248\pm23\,({\rm stat})\pm23\,({\rm sys})$ keV nuclear-recoil event of interest reported by the...
Supermassive binary black holes embedded in gas-rich environments are promising multi-messenger sources for pulsar timing arrays and future space-borne gravitational-wave interferometers. Their electromagnetic emission is governed by nonlinear plasma dynamics around the binary and is expected to inherit variability associated with the...
Revocation completion, clean state, or operation success can leave authorized work able to cause an effect the application rejects while the provider stays within its contract. We call the absence of all such paths policy-relative effect closure, or effect closure for short. Thus, a grant is closed when its existing authorizations...
We find a quantum oracle relative to which $\mathsf{QMA} \neq \mathsf{QMA}(2)$. As a consequence, we resolve the no-disentanglers conjecture of Watrous: for every $ε+δ<1$, any $(ε,δ)$-disentangler requires input size exponential in the number of output qubits. Our proof combines the unitarily invariant polynomial method of She and...
Recent advancements in unified generative models (UGMs) and world simulators have achieved unprecedented results in visual perception and synthesis. However, these models primarily rely on surface-level event alignment, leaving the capacity for high-level visual reasoning underexplored. True visual generative intelligence demands...